As estratégias nacionais sob as convenções sobre biodiversidade e clima da ONU tratam do consumo de commodities agrícolas como um fator de desmatamento?
Destaques.
271 Os documentos da ONU sobre biodiversidade e mudanças climáticas foram examinados para os vetores de desmatamento.
Esses documentos raramente discutem as ligações entre desmatamento e commodities agrícolas.
As estratégias de REDD + são mais propensas a discutir e sugerir respostas políticas à demanda agrícola distante como fator de desmatamento.
Sugere-se medidas políticas nacionais, esquemas de certificação e estilos de vida sustentáveis.
As estratégias para a implementação das convenções da ONU devem refletir as evidências existentes sobre a importância da demanda por commodities agrícolas no desmatamento tropical.
A conversão florestal nos trópicos é cada vez mais impulsionada pela demanda global por commodities agrícolas de risco florestal, como soja, carne bovina, óleo de palma e madeira. Para serem eficazes, as futuras políticas de conservação florestal devem incluir medidas visando tanto os produtores (o lado da oferta) quanto os consumidores (o lado da demanda) para lidar com o desmatamento movido a commodities. Enquanto as Convenções das Nações Unidas sobre Biodiversidade (CBD) e Mudanças Climáticas (UNFCCC) não fazem referência a este fator determinante, aqui exploramos se e como as estratégias nacionais recentes dos Estados membros para as Convenções reconhecem o papel das commodities agrícolas no desmatamento tropical. Uma análise textual de 139 Contribuições Nacionalmente Determinadas (INDCs) para mitigação da mudança climática e 132 Estratégias Nacionais de Biodiversidade e Planos de Ação (NBSAPs) mostra que o trade-off geral entre as aspirações nacionais de desenvolvimento e a conservação da floresta é comumente reconhecido. No entanto, apenas algumas estratégias ligam o desmatamento à produção e ao consumo de mercadorias, enquanto a maioria dos documentos não menciona esse tópico. Essa falta de referência a um fator-chave do desmatamento tropical limita as perspectivas de salvaguardar as florestas tropicais para fins de mitigação da biodiversidade e das mudanças climáticas como parte das duas Convenções da ONU, e pode comprometer sua eficácia geral.
Esses resultados foram complementados por uma análise de conteúdo de documentos dos INDCs, NBSAPs e REDD + de oito países afetados pelo desmatamento movido a commodities. Investigamos se esse driver é reconhecido nas estratégias nacionais e quais medidas políticas são sugeridas para lidar com a perda florestal de commodities agrícolas. Descobrimos que seis países do caso mencionam commodities agrícolas como vetores de desmatamento em seus documentos de REDD +, enquanto as estratégias de biodiversidade e mudança climática silenciaram sobre o assunto. Medidas políticas direcionadas à produção de commodities foram sugeridas em quatro estratégias de REDD +, que vão desde pagamentos de incentivos, práticas agrícolas sustentáveis e planejamento do uso da terra a abordagens do lado da demanda, como certificação e promoção de estilos de vida sustentáveis.
Uma conclusão deste exercício é que os Estados membros da ONU parecem não considerar os planos nacionais sobre clima e biodiversidade como um fórum adequado para discutir abordagens detalhadas de conservação florestal. Argumentamos que, para aumentar a eficácia, as estratégias sob as Convenções da ONU devem levar em conta o desmatamento movido por commodities, por meio de medidas que abranjam tanto o lado produtor quanto o consumidor.
Publicações
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BA9 8DL, Emily Estate (Reino Unido) Limited: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Decisão da CE.
DE55 6EW, Paul Edgar: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
NR12 9LL, Aura Inns Limited: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
SY5 0UH, Sr. Matthew Martin: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
CO5 8UA, Away Resorts Limited: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
NN12 8TF, Sra. Alice Coles: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
PE14 0LW, Sr. Graham James: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
PO9 6DX, Stansted Park Foundation: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
Informação de recrutamento do comitê consultivo do magistrado.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do MOJ e do HMCTS.
Nota de Consumo 455a: Dever de Jogo Remoto.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 HMRC Notice Parte de uma coleção: Notícia de consumo: deveres de jogo.
Penalidades por arquivamento atrasado: parcerias de responsabilidade limitada.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Guidance das Empresas House Parte de uma coleção: Companies House: orientação para empresas limitadas, parcerias e outros tipos de empresas.
A escola do Nobel.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Decisão da OSA.
Recurso recuperado: Bagley Lane / Calverley Lane, Farsley, Leeds, Yorkshire Ocidental (ref: 2200640 - 22 de fevereiro de 2018)
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Correspondência do MHCLG Parte de uma coleção: Aplicações de planejamento: decisões convocadas e recursos recuperados.
Guia sobre como encomendar certificados portugueses online.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do FCO.
Informação de luto para Portugal.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do FCO Parte de uma coleção: Morte no exterior - pacotes de luto.
Taxas e subsídios: Limites de imposto sobre herança e taxas de juros.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do HMRC.
Taxas e padrões de inspeção escolar independente.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 DfE Consulta fechada.
Relatório de pesquisa de saúde bucal: crianças em Yorkshire e Humber 2015.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 PHE Pesquisa e análise Parte de uma coleção: PHE Yorkshire and Humber: aconselhamento, apoio e serviços.
Direitos autorais e merchandising do Ministério da Defesa: informações e documentos.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação MOD.
Boletim eletrônico ESFA: 22 de fevereiro de 2018 (edição 208)
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Correspondência ESFA Parte de uma coleção: boletim eletrônico ESFA.
Voisins Voices: um boletim informativo para a comunidade britânica na França.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do FCO.
Proteção da saúde nas escolas e outras instalações de acolhimento de crianças.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do PHE.
Tempos de disparo de Dartmoor.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação MOD e DIO Parte de uma coleção: páginas Dartmoor e intervalos Militares que disparam avisos.
Tendências de energia: petróleo e derivados.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Estatísticas Nacionais do BEIS Parte de uma coleção: estatísticas do petróleo.
Digital Economy Bill Parte 3: Pornografia Online.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do DCMS Parte de uma coleção: Digital Economy Act 2017.
Procure empresas que assinaram o Pacto das Forças Armadas.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação da MOD Parte de uma coleção: empresas que assinaram o Pacto das Forças Armadas.
Evidência para o NHSPRB: pague a rodada de 2018 a 2019.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Documento de política DHSC, OME e NHSPRB.
Estado do meio ambiente: qualidade da água.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Relatório corporativo da EA.
Desenha decisão da audiência O / 111/18.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Decisão de IPO Parte de uma coleção: projeta decisões.
Taxas de Combustível Consultivo.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 HMRC Orientação Parte de uma coleção: Taxas e permissões: HM Revenue and Customs.
Relatório provisório de Dame Judith Hackitt sobre o Regulamento de Construção e Segurança contra Incêndios.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação MHCLG Parte de uma coleção: Normas de construção: letras circulares divisionais.
Impacto do Comissionamento no tratamento de drogas: resposta do governo.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Documento de política do DHSC.
Investigações publicitárias: dezembro de 2017.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Decisão da MHRA Parte de uma coleção: Investigações publicitárias da MHRA.
Import Control System: disponibilidade e problemas do serviço.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 HMRC Orientação Parte de uma coleção: disponibilidade e problemas do serviço de Receita e Alfândega do HM.
Tendências de energia: gás.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Estatísticas Nacionais do BEIS Parte de uma coleção: Estatísticas do gás.
Nomes de empresas Tribunal decisões e ordens indefesas.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Nomes de empresas Tribunal Orientação.
Nomes de empresas Decisão do tribunal: Cognisco Group Limited.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Nomes de empresas Decisão do Tribunal.
Regime de compensação por lesões penais em Portugal.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Orientação do FCO.
Esquema das paredes de maré de Shoreham Adur: como o esquema funcionará.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Documento de Política de AA Parte de uma coleção: Gestão de risco de erosão de enchentes e costeiras: esquemas e estratégias atuais e o esquema de paredes de maré de Shoreham Adur.
Precipitação e fluxo do rio: relatórios semanais para a Inglaterra.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Pesquisa e análise de EA Parte de uma coleção: Relatórios de situação da água para a Inglaterra Próxima página 2 de 2710.
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Estratégia de biodiversidade nacional da África do Sul e plano de ação
Esses materiais foram escritos nos últimos anos por escritores contratados pelo Projeto de Aprendizagem do Turismo (TLP) como parte de uma iniciativa de desenvolvimento de materiais de aprendizagem para apoiar as novas qualificações produzidas para os subsetores de turismo, hotelaria e conservação.
A intenção era garantir que houvesse materiais disponíveis, especialmente onde nenhum deles existia para novas áreas de aprendizagem. No entanto, não substituem outras fontes de materiais, particularmente aquelas que existiam de alguma forma antes do estabelecimento do Quadro Nacional de Qualificações (NQF). Eles também não são destinados para os alunos usarem sozinhos & # 8211; mas sim como suporte para o treinador, sejam eles treinando no local de trabalho ou em um ambiente de treinamento mais formal.
Com a ênfase nos resultados, em vez do método ou processo de treinamento, os instrutores permanecem livres para usar qualquer material que eles achem útil para eles. Esses materiais, portanto, são apenas uma contribuição para o conjunto de materiais disponíveis e não assumem que sejam definitivos, nem são prescritos pelo TLP ou pelo THETA.
Esperamos que esses materiais sejam um suporte útil para o trabalho de desenvolvimento de habilidades no qual você está envolvido.
Funções do Departamento:
O departamento de desenvolvimento de habilidades é responsável por:
Recolhendo e desembolsando taxas de desenvolvimento de habilidades; Desenvolver e implementar o Plano de Competências Setoriais; Facilitar as operações do Comitê de Câmara; Implementar a Estratégia Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Competências Colaborar com o sector Implementação do desenvolvimento de competências de monitorização e auditoria.
A seção de taxas e subsídios é responsável por:
Receber taxas do Departamento do Trabalho Administrar os planos de desembolso do subsídio Receber os Planos de Competências no Local de Trabalho (WSP) e Relatórios de Implementação (IR) Realizar a validação administrativa do WSP e IR Facilitando a realocação de quaisquer empregadores mal alocados Administrando Mudança de Jurisdição banco de dados Preparando as programações de desembolso de subvenções para organizações de empregadores qualificados Capturando WSP, IR e outras doações conforme exigido pelo THETA Administrando consultas sobre taxas e concessões.
Os Coordenadores da Câmara são responsáveis por:
Ligação do setor no desenvolvimento de habilidades nos respectivos setores. Fornecer informações estratégicas necessárias aos Comitês da Câmara e facilitar a implementação das iniciativas da Câmara. Apoiar o desenvolvimento da capacitação do subsetor na implementação da Estratégia Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Competências. Acompanhamento e auditoria da implementação de iniciativas de Desenvolvimento de Competências pelos empregadores nos respectivos sub-setores da THETA. Participar dos comitês da THETA, conforme exigido pela gerência da THETA. Validando o WSP e os Relatórios de Implementação dos respectivos sub-setores. Desenvolvendo bancos de dados de partes interessadas.
O THETA é responsável pelo desenvolvimento de um Plano de Competências Setoriais (SSP), que é um documento estratégico de quatro anos. O SSP representa o quadro de implementação para alcançar os objetivos e metas definidos na Estratégia Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Competências. Os primeiros Planos de Competências Setoriais foram desenvolvidos para o período 2000 & # 8211; 2004. Atualmente, o THETA iniciou um processo de desenvolvimento de um documento do SSP para o período 2005 & # 8211; 2009, este documento estará alinhado com os Objetivos e Metas de Desenvolvimento de Competências Nacionais, que estão em revisão.
Hospitality Staff Training e como você pode se beneficiar.
A África do Sul tornou-se um ponto de acesso para turistas internacionais como um dos principais destinos de férias nos últimos anos. É essencial garantir que mantemos um alto nível de conscientização sobre hospitalidade, a fim de permanecermos comparáveis a outros destinos competitivos. Se você possui um B & amp; B de beira-mar em Hermanus, um Boutique Hotel de cinco estrelas em Sandton ou mochileiros na Cidade do Cabo, a verdade é que o treinamento básico de hospitalidade da equipe deve estar em processo contínuo para você. Mesmo o mais humilde dos estabelecimentos pode se beneficiar imensamente de ter pessoal bem treinado. Convidados de hotéis e estabelecimentos que oferecem alojamento apreciam um bom serviço e o seu negócio irá colher os frutos através do & # 8220; boca a boca & # 8221; publicidade, bem como boas críticas em sites como o TripAdvisor. A equipe de hospitalidade deve ser bem versada não apenas em suas tarefas básicas, mas também ser capaz de conversar e desenvolver um bom relacionamento com os clientes enquanto realiza suas tarefas diárias. Recomendamos realizar reuniões semanais de equipe e exercícios de treinamento com a equipe, informando-os sobre notícias locais que podem ser de interesse dos convidados, eventos ocorrendo na área em que você está situado, até mesmo criar documentos concisos curtos para distribuir durante as sessões de treinamento. eles para ler mais tarde. Os benefícios são dois. Sua equipe irá apreciar sua participação com eles, eles vão aprender novas informações que podem se beneficiar não só no local de trabalho e eles estarão melhor preparados para interação com os convidados do seu estabelecimento.
Aqui está um exemplo de um tópico que pode ser usado como uma sessão de treinamento:
Parece haver um dia para cada questão sob o sol e eu nunca tenho certeza do que evento ou um dia especial é. Há muitos dias diferentes de conscientização ao longo do ano, mas eu compilei uma lista que cobre maio para a África do Sul e alguns dias internacionais também estão incluídos.
Mês da Energia.
O objetivo do mês da energia é trazer consciência para, como conservar energia e, portanto, reduzir o consumo de energia em toda a vida do dia.
Algumas coisas que você pode fazer são:
Desligue as luzes em um quarto que você deixou Use lâmpadas economizadoras de energia Tome um banho em vez de um banho, o que economiza água também. Desligue os aparelhos quando não os estiver a utilizar Certifique-se sempre de que a porta do frigorífico está bem fechada Para poupar combustível: Experimente e junte-se a um elevador para trabalhar.
Mês da África.
Este mês de conscientização com atividades planejadas é para promover a unidade africana. Seu tema para este ano é “Construindo uma África melhor e um mundo melhor”
Mês Internacional da Esclerose Múltipla.
Durante este mês, a Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (MSF) tenta aumentar a conscientização sobre a condição, também conhecida como EM.
Mês da campanha anti-tabagismo.
Conscientização dos problemas de saúde causados pelo tabagismo e tabaco.
1 de maio: dia dos trabalhadores.
O Dia Internacional dos Trabalhadores é um feriado público que celebra os trabalhadores e a classe trabalhadora. Isso garante que cada governo permaneça comprometido em fornecer condições de trabalho seguras e boas para seus funcionários. O Centro de Viagens e Mochileiros Ashanti Lodge na Cidade do Cabo fizeram um trabalho fantástico de treinamento de sua equipe e integraram várias das metodologias apresentadas pela Theta em workshops sustentáveis e regulares, onde sua equipe de hospitalidade é regularmente treinada e mantida em dia com eventos locais. como exercícios de desempenho de hospitalidade.
3 de maio: Dia Mundial da Liberdade de Imprensa.
Este é um dia para prestar homenagem aos jornalistas. O dia também é uma celebração dos princípios da liberdade de imprensa e um dia para observar ou avaliar a atual liberdade de imprensa em todo o mundo.
4 de maio: Dia de Guerra nas Estrelas.
Este dia é para os fãs celebrarem Star Wars e o criador George Lucas. O dia não é realmente oficial, mas se espalhou rapidamente pela mídia para muitas áreas. O dia ou mês foi escolhido como um trocadilho, "Que a Força esteja com você" como "Que o quarto seja com você"
10 de maio: movimento mundial para o dia da saúde.
Este dia é para ajudar a desenvolver estratégias para ajudar a melhorar a dieta, exercícios e saúde. O objetivo é incentivar os sul-africanos a assumirem responsabilidade por sua própria saúde e bem-estar.
12 de maio: Dia Mundial da Fadiga Crônica e Síndrome da Disfunção Imunológica, Dia Internacional da Enfermagem, Dia da Conscientização sobre a Fibromialgia.
Dia da Síndrome da Fadiga Crônica: Trazer a consciência de que esta é uma condição médica crônica e séria.
Dia Internacional dos Enfermeiros: Um dia que celebra o aniversário do nascimento de Florence Nightingale e a dedicação e trabalho árduo que todos os enfermeiros realizam todos os dias.
Dia da fibromialgia: A cada ano, as pessoas tentam difundir a consciência dessa condição, bem como outras condições de dor crônica, por meio de eventos e outros empreendimentos.
15 de maio: Dia Internacional das Famílias.
A ONU decidiu que todos os anos, neste dia, deveria ser o Dia Internacional das Famílias. O dia é ajudar a aumentar a conscientização sobre questões familiares e ajudar a melhorar os problemas relacionados à família.
17 de maio: Dia Mundial da Hipertensão.
Isso se tornou um evento anual desde 2005 para ajudar a promover a conscientização sobre a hipertensão e encorajar todos a encontrar maneiras de ajudar a prevenir e controlar o problema.
18 de maio: Dia Internacional dos Museus.
Coordenado pelo Conselho Internacional de Museus, o dia é trazer a consciência para o fato de que os museus são um importante meio de intercâmbio cultural, paz e cooperação entre as pessoas.
21 de maio: Dia Mundial da Diversidade Cultural.
Um dia que fornece consciência e uma oportunidade para aprofundar nossa compreensão dos valores da diversidade cultural. Para ajudar a todos a viver juntos em harmonia.
21 de maio: Memorial Internacional de Luzes de SIDA.
Este dia é possível graças a um grupo global de pessoas que vivem com o HIV. O Memorial é uma campanha para conscientizar e conscientizar sobre o HIV e a AIDS.
22 de maio: Dia Internacional da Diversidade Biológica.
Este dia foi criado para conscientizar e entender as questões da biodiversidade.
23 de maio: Dia Mundial da Tartaruga.
Um dia para chamar a atenção para tartarugas e tartarugas e para ajudar a aumentar o conhecimento e respeito e incentivar ações para ajudá-los a sobreviver e aumentar.
28 de maio: Dia Internacional de Ação pela Saúde da Mulher.
O foco principal é trazer consciência e proteção para a saúde sexual e reprodutiva das mulheres.
31 de maio: Dia Mundial Sem Tabaco.
O dia se concentra nos perigos do tabaco e todos são encorajados a não fumar por um período de 24 horas de todas as formas de consumo de tabaco.
O treinamento regular da equipe em abordagens de hospitalidade com relação a clientes e convidados é uma situação de vencer / vencer / vencer para o empregador, funcionário e convidados. Por favor, sinta-se à vontade para nos contatar caso necessite de mais informações sobre materiais de treinamento.
Estratégia de biodiversidade nacional da África do Sul e plano de ação
Um Plano Integrado de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Resíduos da Indústria (IIWTMP) para pneus inservíveis foi aprovado pelo Hon Ministro B E E Molewa em novembro de 2012 e tem sido implementado pela REDISA desde então. Desde então, a DEA estabeleceu o Departamento de Resíduos em termos da seção 34A (1) da Lei Nacional de Gestão Ambiental & ndash; Lei de Resíduos, 2008 (Lei Nº 59 de 2008).
3ª Economia da Biodiversidade Indaba.
A 3ª Economia Nacional da Biodiversidade, Indaba, será realizada de 8 a 10 de março de 2018, na Província do Cabo Oriental. Este evento se concentrará principalmente em buscar construir as bases bem-sucedidas para realizar uma Plataforma Única de Comércio e Investimento na Economia da Biodiversidade Africana.
Aviso geral sobre a decisão de alocação de permissões do BBWW e do WSCD 2017.
O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais publicou um aviso geral para as decisões sobre a observação de baleias baseada em barcos (BBWW) e o mergulho em gaiola de tubarão branco (WSCD) permite o processo de alocação de 2017. Os avisos servem para definir os critérios, o processo e a metodologia as decisões sobre alocação de licenças nos setores BBWW e WSCD.
Dia Mundial da Vida Selvagem 2018.
O Dia Mundial da Vida Selvagem é celebrado anualmente em 3 de março, o dia da assinatura da Convenção sobre o Comércio Internacional de Espécies Ameaçadas de Fauna e Flora Silvestres (CITES) em 1973. Dia Mundial da Vida Selvagem 2018, celebrado sob o tema & ldquo; Grandes felinos: predadores sob ameaça & rdquo ;.
Regulamentos da AIA ao solicitar o desenvolvimento de infraestruturas de redes elétricas e atividades de desenvolvimento de energias renováveis.
O Ministro Molewa, nos termos da seção 24 (5) (a) e (b) da NEMA, 1998 e a Regra 15 dos Regulamentos EIA, previam os procedimentos a serem seguidos na solicitação de atividades de desenvolvimento de infra-estrutura de redes elétricas e na solicitação de recursos renováveis. atividades de desenvolvimento energético.
Esboço do Plano de Gestão Estuarino do Rio Búfalo para comentários públicos.
A Ministra Edna Molewa publicou no dia 16 de fevereiro de 2018 no Aviso do Governo No. 116, no Diário Oficial do Governo No.41445, um esboço do Plano de Manejo do Rio Búfalo para comentários públicos. Os comentários públicos escritos devem ser enviados dentro de 30 dias da publicação do aviso.
20 de fevereiro de 2018 - O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais (DEA) aplaudiu um grupo de Monitores Ambientais (EM), também conhecido como Maeba (Doves), por seu trabalho impecável para combater o flagelo da caça aos rinocerontes na área de Hoedspruit. Com pelo menos 1 659 jovens sul-africanos a participarem no Programa de Monitores Ambientais.
20 de fevereiro de 2018 - A Ministra de Assuntos Ambientais, Dra. Edna Molewa, publicou no dia 16 de fevereiro de 2018, publicado no Aviso do Governo nº 116 no Diário Oficial do Governo Nº 41445 do Plano de Manejo do Rio Búfalo para comentário público. O EMP Buffalo River foi desenvolvido em termos de NEM: ICMA24 de 2008.
15 de fevereiro de 2018 - O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais (DEA) mostrará o trabalho dos Monitores Ambientais (EM) em sua luta para conter o flagelo da caça de rinocerontes nas partes orientais do Parque Nacional Kruger, na fronteira com a área de Hoedspruit, em Limpopo. Com pelo menos 1 620 jovens sul-africanos participando do programa Monitores Ambientais em todo o país.
13 de fevereiro de 2018 - A Ministra de Assuntos Ambientais, Dr Edna Molewa nomeou a Associação de Praticantes de Avaliação Ambiental da África do Sul (EAPASA) como única autoridade de registro nos termos da Seção 24H da Lei Nacional de Gestão Ambiental (NEMA) por um período de cinco anos. anos, com vigência a partir de 08 de fevereiro de 2018.
12 de fevereiro de 2018 - O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais dará as boas-vindas à SA Agulhas II, quando retornar da Antártica na terça-feira, 13 de fevereiro de 2018, no East Pier Quay, V & A Waterfront Cape Town. A bordo do navio estará a equipe de expedição do SANAE 56, a equipe de apoio do DEA.
Publicações
Você pode usar os filtros para mostrar apenas os resultados que correspondem aos seus interesses.
Copie e cole este URL no seu leitor de feeds.
BA9 8DL, Emily Estate (Reino Unido) Limited: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Decisão da CE.
DE55 6EW, Paul Edgar: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
22 de fevereiro de 2018 Aviso da EA.
NR12 9LL, Aura Inns Limited: anúncio de pedido de licença ambiental.
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Informação de recrutamento do comitê consultivo do magistrado.
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Cronologia 20 anos de democracia de 1994 a 2014.
27 de abril, a constituição interina da África do Sul que foi adotada em novembro de 1993 entrou em vigor em 27 de abril de 1994 para administrar as primeiras eleições democráticas da África do Sul e mudou o país para a construção de uma nova ordem política, social e econômica.
27 de abril, A bandeira nacional foi projetada por um ex-Arauto do Estado da África do Sul, o Sr. Fred Brownell, e foi usada pela primeira vez pela primeira vez durante as eleições de 1994.
27 de abril, primeiro, eleições não-raciais e democráticas realizadas na África do Sul. No entanto, pessoas idosas e pessoas que são fisicamente desafiadas votaram no dia 26 de abril.
28 de abril, após numerosas reclamações sobre arranjos pobres em algumas assembleias de voto, o Presidente de Klerk aprova uma recomendação da Comissão Eleitoral Independente (CEI) para prolongar por um dia a votação em áreas atormentadas por problemas de votação. Estes incluem KwaZulu, Venda, Gazankulu, Lebowa, Transkei e Ciskei.
2 de maio, a Comissão Eleitoral Independente divulga os resultados provisórios das eleições nacionais com o Congresso Nacional Africano (ANC) no topo da lista com 54 por cento, enquanto o Partido Nacional (NP) seguido com 33 por cento eo Partido da Liberdade Inkatha (IFP) com 4,5 por cento.
Em 3 de maio, a África do Sul retoma sua plena participação na Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS).
6 de maio, resultados finais das eleições anunciados pelo presidente da Comissão Eleitoral Independente, o juiz Johan Kriegler. O Congresso Nacional Africano (ANC), liderado por Nelson Mandela, que captura 252 dos 400 assentos na Assembléia Nacional, mas fica aquém da maioria de dois terços necessária para efetuar uma mudança constitucional unilateral. O Partido Nacional (NP) do governo de F. W de Klerk ficou em segundo lugar com 82 assentos, à frente do Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) liderado pelo chefe Mangosuthu Buthelezi, com 43 assentos.
9 de maio de 1994, Nelson Mandela foi eleito por unanimidade presidente pela Assembléia Nacional, com Thabo Mbeki, vice-líder do ANC e F. W. de Klerk como vice-presidentes.
10 de maio, Nelson Mandela é inaugurado como o primeiro presidente democrático da África do Sul. Thabo Mbeki (ANC) e FW de Klerk (NP) foram empossados como Vice-Presidentes Executivos de acordo com uma provisão na Constituição que dá direito a todos os partidos que detêm pelo menos 20% dos assentos para designar um Vice-Presidente Executivo dentre os membros da Assembleia Nacional. .
11 de maio, um governo de coalizão de unidade nacional (GNU) é anunciado. Associação ministerial do Gabinete (18 carteiras ANC, seis para o NP e três para o IFP) com base na disposição de que cada parte que conquiste pelo menos 5% dos votos nacionais teria direito a uma ou mais carteiras do Gabinete, proporcionalmente à número de assentos que possui.
Em 24 de maio, Cirilo Ramaphosa, secretário-geral do ANC, elegeu o presidente da Assembléia Constituinte que redigirá uma nova constituição para o país dentro de dois anos.
24 de maio, Nelson Mandela faz o primeiro discurso do Estado da Nação perante o parlamento democraticamente eleito.
Em 25 de maio, o Conselho de Segurança adotou uma resolução suspendendo o Embargo de Armas de 1977 e outras medidas restritivas contra a África do Sul, removendo assim as sanções remanescentes das Nações Unidas contra a África do Sul. Resolução 919 (1994)
31 de maio, o Secretário-Geral da Commonwealth, Chefe Emeka Anyaouku em uma conferência de imprensa na sede da Commonwealth em Londres, informa a mídia que a partir de 01 de junho de 1994, a África do Sul iria retomar a sua adesão à Commonwealth.
12 de dezembro, a África do Sul voltou a ser admitida na UNESCO. Foi forçado a sair da organização em 1956 por causa de sua política de apartheid.
14 de fevereiro, o Tribunal Constitucional é formalmente aberto pelo Presidente Nelson Mandela.
15 de fevereiro, o Presidente Nelson Mandela anuncia que não será reeleito em 1999.
1 de Março, A Comissão de Restituição dos Direitos da Terra é constituída para ajudar os requerentes a apresentar as suas reivindicações de terras, e aconselhar os requerentes sobre o progresso das suas reivindicações de terras.
27 de março, Winnie Mandela, vice-ministra de Artes, Cultura, Ciência e Tecnologia, é demitida de seu cargo.
14 de abril, Winnie Mandela se demite como vice-ministra de Artes, Cultura, Ciência e Tecnologia, horas antes de sua segunda demissão oficial.
25 de maio a 24 de junho, a Copa do Mundo de Rugby é realizada na África do Sul; Pela primeira vez, todas as partidas seriam jogadas em um país. A África do Sul participa do torneio pela primeira vez, após o final de seu boicote esportivo internacional devido ao regime do apartheid. A África do Sul vence o torneio, derrotando a Nova Zelândia por 15 a 12 na final em Ellis Park.
28 de junho, as mudanças de nome para três das nove províncias da África do Sul são anunciadas: Pretoria Witwatersrand e Vereeniging se tornam Gauteng; O Estado Livre de Orange torna-se o Estado Livre e o Norte da Transvaal torna-se a Província do Norte.
Julho, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC), é estabelecida pelo novo governo sul-africano em 1995 sob a Lei 34 da Emenda da Reconciliação e Unidade Nacional de 1995 para ajudar a curar o país e trazer uma reconciliação de seu povo descobrindo a verdade sobre as violações dos direitos humanos que ocorreram durante o apartheid. O Arcebispo Desmond Tutu foi nomeado Presidente da Comissão pelo Presidente Nelson Mandela, com Alex Boraine como seu vice. Em 16 de dezembro de 1995, a Comissão começou seu trabalho com vítimas testemunhando em audiências públicas e perpetradores. para anistia.
4 de Outubro, Lei de Alteração de Identificação nº 47: Emendou a Lei de Identificação de 1986 de modo a revogar certas disposições obsoletas e ordenou, com efeito retroactivo, que fosse compilado e mantido um novo registo populacional. Iniciado em 4 de outubro de 1995.
Em outubro, o Escritório do Protetor Público é estabelecido, nos termos do Capítulo Nove da Constituição Sul-Africana de 1996, como um de um conjunto de instituições para fortalecer a democracia constitucional da República. Antes do advento da África do Sul para a democracia, o escritório era anteriormente conhecido como o Gabinete do Provedor de Justiça, que foi criado em 22 de novembro de 1991.
10 de novembro, os resultados das eleições de governo locais nacionais publicam-se: 51,37% participaram, 5,3 milhões de pessoas em total. O Congresso Nacional Africano é o vencedor global, garantindo 66,37% dos votos expressos. A votação teve lugar em algumas partes do Cabo Ocidental, mas não nas áreas metropolitanas e em algumas áreas rurais da província, devido ao atraso na demarcação dos limites eleitorais. A votação na província de Kwazulu Natal também foi adiada devido à contínua violência na região.
13 de janeiro - 3 de fevereiro, a África do Sul recebe o torneio da Copa das Nações Africanas, no futebol, substituindo os anfitriões originais do Quênia. Foi a equipe nacional, a segunda aparição de Bafana Bafana no torneio. Eles haviam sido desbanidos apenas quatro anos antes do torneio e geralmente eram considerados os azarões. Bafana Bafana venceu ao derrotar a Tunísia por 2-0.
2 de fevereiro, o Partido Nacional lança um & # 39; valores fundamentais & # 39; documento em Pretória. No mesmo dia, é relatado que o Ministro dos Assuntos Provinciais e do Desenvolvimento Constitucional, Roelf Meyer, renunciará ao seu posto de gabinete em 1 de Março de 1996, tornando-se o Secretário-Geral da “renovação”. Partido Nacional. Seu líder, F. W. de Klerk, confirma que, embora não esteja buscando alianças formais, tem mantido discussões com vários partidos opostos ao Congresso Nacional Africano (ANC).
19 de março, o casamento de treze anos do Presidente Nelson Mandela com Winnie Mandela é formalmente encerrado quando um juiz da Suprema Corte Rand dá seu pedido de divórcio com base em um colapso irreversível.
21 de março, o Parlamento estabelece a Comissão de Direitos Humanos para promover e proteger os direitos humanos. Tem o poder de investigar violações e aconselhar o governo sobre a implementação dos direitos humanos. Dr. Barney Pityana é nomeado presidente. Os membros incluem o Dr. Max Coleman, Helen Suzman e Brigalia Bam.
28 de março, o presidente Nelson Mandela anuncia importantes mudanças no governo da unidade nacional. O ministro das Finanças, Chris Liebenberg, cuja renúncia entra em vigor em 4 de abril de 1996, é substituído por Trevor Manuel, até então ministro do Comércio e Indústria e Turismo; Pallo Jordan, Ministro dos Correios e Telecomunicações, é demitido e substituído por Jay Naidoo, ex-ministro encarregado do Programa de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento.
Em 15 de abril, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC), sob a presidência do Arcebispo Desmond Tutu, inicia suas primeiras audiências formais na Prefeitura de East London. A TRC foi criada para ajudar a lidar com violações dos direitos humanos durante a era do apartheid.
3 de abril Cinco membros do Movimento de Resistência Afrikaner (AWB) são sentenciados a vinte e seis anos de prisão cada um por sua participação em uma campanha de bombardeio em que vinte pessoas foram mortas e centenas ficaram feridas, com o objetivo de interromper as eleições de 1994.
Em 13 de abril, Cyril Ramaphosa, Secretário-Geral do Congresso Nacional Africano e presidente da Assembléia Constituinte, anuncia sua intenção de renunciar ao Parlamento uma vez que a Constituição final seja acordada. Ele se tornará vice-presidente executivo da New Africa Investment Ltd. (NAIL).
15 de abril, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação realiza sua sessão de abertura no leste de Londres. São expressas reservas sobre o direito constitucional da Comissão de conceder anistia aos assassinos políticos pelas famílias dos ativistas anti-apartheid. Grupos legais também argumentam que a evidência de crimes deve ser ouvida em um tribunal de justiça.
8 de maio, A nova Constituição é finalmente aprovada pela Assembléia Constituinte de 490 membros: 421 votos a favor, dois contra, a Frente da Liberdade (FF) se abstém, o Partido da Liberdade Inkatha não comparece à sessão, nove votos não são registrados . O coração da constituição é uma Declaração de Direitos listando a liberdade fundamental.
14 de junho, o ministro das Finanças, Trevor Manuel, revela a estratégia macroeconômica do governo em um documento-quadro intitulado Crescimento, emprego e redistribuição (GEAR).
9 de maio, o Segundo Presidente Executivo F. W. de Klerk anuncia que o NP se retirará do Governo da Unidade Nacional no final de junho de 1996 e entrará em oposição formal. Diz-se que esta decisão é ocasionada por divergências sobre a própria constituição e a crescente crise financeira resultante do colapso do Rand.
30 de junho, o Partido Nacional deixa o governo de unidade nacional dirigido por Nelson Mandelato tornou-se a Oposição Oficial, sua primeira vez fora do governo desde 1948. O partido procurou reformular sua imagem mudando seu nome para o Novo Partido Nacional (NNP) em Dezembro de 1998.
2 de julho, os resultados das eleições do governo local em Kwazulu-Natal são divulgados e indicam que o Partido da Liberdade do Inkatha entrevistou 44,50 por cento dos votos, o Congresso Nacional Africano 33,22 por cento. Os resultados do Ward dão aos assentos do Inkatha 562, ao Congresso Nacional Africano 512 e ao Partido Nacional 187. O Congresso Nacional Africano ganha o controle de todos os treze conselhos metropolitanos da província, com um orçamento anual combinado de R $ 5 bilhões. O governo toma o controle da maioria dos conselhos rurais, mas a alocação orçamentária é inferior a R $ 100 milhões.
No dia 7 de julho, em uma transmissão televisiva, o presidente Nelson Mandela confirma que ele não se candidatará à reeleição em 1999 e apoia o vice-presidente Thabo Mbeki como seu sucessor.
26 de julho, Bantu Holomisa é demitido como vice-ministro de Meio Ambiente e Turismo. Suas responsabilidades são atribuídas ao ex-líder da Liga Juvenil do ANC, Peter Mokaba, e é anunciado que ele enfrentará acusações internas disciplinares do ANC.
30 de agosto, Bantu Holomisa é expulso do ANC após uma audiência disciplinar. Ele foi expulso do CNA depois de testemunhar a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC) sobre atividades irregulares no Transkei. Ele se recusou a retratar seu testemunho, argumentando que o que ele havia dito era de conhecimento histórico para todos os envolvidos.
11 de outubro, A nova Constituição da República da África do Sul é adotada pela Assembléia Constituinte como a Lei 108 de 1996. Ela entrará em vigor em 4 de fevereiro de 1997.
17 de outubro, a Comissão Eleitoral Independente (CEI), uma organização independente prevista no capítulo nove da Constituição é estabelecida. Antes da sua criação, uma Comissão Eleitoral temporária foi criada em 1993, de acordo com a Constituição Provisória de 1993, para administrar a primeira eleição não racial das legislaturas nacional e provincial, realizada em 29 de abril de 1994.
31 de outubro, A Assembléia Nacional aprova a legislação que prevê o aborto sob demanda nas primeiras doze semanas de gravidez e para que as interrupções sejam permitidas sob condições especificadas até a vigésima semana de gravidez. As mudanças são opostas por grupos religiosos cristãos e muçulmanos.
Outubro, o primeiro censo na era pós-apartheid é realizado em 1996. Os resultados indicam que a África do Sul tem uma população de 43 milhões de pessoas, 22 milhões das quais são mulheres.
4 de novembro, Premier Provincial do Estado Livre Patrick & # 39; Terror & # 39; Lekota e todo o Comitê Executivo Provincial concordam em renunciar após alegações de corrupção e nepotismo. Em 20 de novembro de 1996, o vice-presidente Thabo Mbeki endossa Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri como sucessora de Lekota.
No dia 13 de dezembro, o Presidente Nelson Mandela estende tanto a data-limite para pedidos de anistia quanto o prazo para solicitações à Comissão de Verdade e Reconciliação. A anistia pode agora ser solicitada para crimes políticos realizados até 10 de maio de 1994, data de sua posse como presidente. As candidaturas ao TRC são adiadas para 10 de maio de 1997.
10 de dezembro, dois anos após a primeira eleição democrática (1994), o Presidente da República da África do Sul, Nelson Mandela, assina a redação final da Constituição em Laweville, Vereeniging. A constituição final contém uma Declaração de Direitos, modelada em o capítulo sobre direitos fundamentais na constituição provisória.
Em 1º de janeiro, o Museu da Ilha Robben foi inaugurado oficialmente em 1997. Dois anos depois, é declarado Patrimônio da Humanidade pela UNESCO.
17 de janeiro, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC) ouve que o general George Meiring está implicado com mais de sessenta oficiais e soldados em truques sujos & # 39; incluindo o assassinato patrocinado pelo Estado. Também sugere que o ex-presidente F. W. de Klerk se recusou a investigar acusações contra o general Meiring e dois outros generais, apesar da comissão de inquérito de Steyn.
28 de janeiro, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação confirma os relatórios de jornal que cinco ex-policiais de segurança confessaram o assassinato do líder da Consciência Negra em 1977, Steve Biko, e fizeram uma aplicação formal de anistia.
4 de fevereiro, a Constituição da República da África do Sul entra em vigor. A semana de 17 a 21 de março é denominada Semana Nacional de Constituição: mais de sete milhões de exemplares da Constituição são distribuídos em todos os 11 idiomas.
17 de março, Allan Boesak aparece em um tribunal da Cidade do Cabo para enfrentar nove acusações de fraude e vinte e uma acusações de roubo envolvendo mais de US $ 800.000 - a maior parte doada à Fundação para Paz e Justiça por organizações de ajuda dinamarquesas e suecas. O caso é adiado até 4 de agosto de 1997.
1 de abril, a segunda maior federação de trabalhadores da África do Sul é oficialmente lançada após a fusão da Federação dos Sindicatos Sul-Africanos e da Federação de Organizações que Representam Funcionários Civis. A nova Federação de Sindicatos da África do Sul (FEDUSA) tem 25 sindicatos afiliados e reivindica uma adesão de 515.000.
Em 26 de abril, Winnie Mandela, ex-esposa do presidente Nelson Mandela, é reeleita como presidente da Liga Feminina ANC por 656 votos a favor e 114 para seu vice, Thandi Modise. Sua vitória reflete o nível de apoio de base que ela continua a desfrutar.
23 de abril, Eugene Terre Blanche, líder do Afrikaner Weerstands Beweging (AWB) foi condenado em duas acusações, por tentativa de homicídio e agressão em um tribunal de Potchefstroom e condenado a seis anos de prisão. Esta sentença foi proferida pelo ataque brutal de um dos seus trabalhadores, o Sr. Paul Motshabi, a quem ele bateu na cabeça e no pescoço em Março de 1996.
11 de maio, cerca de 8.000 pessoas entraram com pedido de anistia para cumprir o prazo do TRC para a investigação de crimes da era do apartheid.
26 de agosto, o ex-presidente F. W. de Klerk anuncia sua aposentadoria da política e seu papel de liderança no Novo Partido Nacional.
10 de outubro, Uma versão encurtada e combinada de Nkosi Sikelel & # 39; iAfrika e The Call of South Africa torna-se o hino nacional da África do Sul nos termos da Seção 4 da Constituição da África do Sul, 1996 (Lei 108 de 1996), após uma proclamação no Diário do Governo nº 18341.
16 de dezembro, o presidente Nelson Mandela deixa de lado como líder do Congresso Nacional Africano e é sucedido pelo vice-presidente Thabo Mbeki.
20 de dezembro, o presidente Nelson Mandela renuncia ao cargo de líder do Congresso Nacional Africano da África do Sul.
Janeiro, seis policiais brancos fazem uma fita de vídeo mostrando um "exercício de treinamento" onde eles incitaram seus cães para atacar três homens negros e espancaram as vítimas se tentassem se proteger. Os policiais foram presos em 2000 sob acusações de tentativa de homicídio. 4 oficiais se declararam culpados em 2001.
7 de janeiro, o procurador geral anuncia que o ex-presidente Pieter Botha seria processado por se recusar a comparecer perante a Comissão da Verdade e por impedir seu trabalho.
Em 11 de abril, Nicholas Steyn (42), um agricultor branco, atirou em Francina Diamina (11) e sua prima de seis meses, Angelina, por invasão. O bebê é atingido na cabeça e morto e Francina é ferida nas costas. Steyn foi condenado por homicídio culposo em 1999. Steyn recebeu uma sentença suspensa em 1999 e foi libertado.
29 de abril, o presidente Nelson Mandela nomeia Siphiwe Nyanda como o primeiro negro a dirigir a Força de Defesa Nacional da África do Sul.
8 de maio, o Conselho Nacional de Esportes pede ao mundo que boicote o Rugby Sul-Africano em uma ação para pressionar pela renúncia de Luís Luyt, presidente da liga, a práticas racistas e corruptas.
10 de maio, Louis Luyt anuncia sua renúncia como o presidente do Sul Africano Rugby Football Assoc.
Em 18 de julho, o Presidente da África do Sul, Nelson Mandela, completou 80 anos casando-se com Graca Machel, viúva de um presidente moçambicano e líder da libertação negra, Samora Machel.
31 de julho, A Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação fecha após dois anos de audiências. Um relatório é devido em outubro. 1998.
21 de agosto, o ex-presidente P. W. Botha (82) é condenado por ignorar uma intimação para testemunhar sobre as atrocidades do apartheid na frente da Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação. Ele é multado em US $ 1.577 e recebe uma pena suspensa de 1 ano de prisão.
Setembro, o alto funcionário do Ministério de Relações Exteriores da África do Sul, Robert McBride, é preso sob suspeita de porte de armas na vizinha Moçambique e mantido por seis meses antes de ser libertado.
29 de outubro, depois de quase três anos de trabalho, a Comissão de Verdade e Reconciliação da África do Sul (TRC) entrega seu relatório final de 3.500 páginas ao Presidente Nelson Mandela. Ele se baseia em anos de testemunho das pessoas que dirigiram a campanha de 1960-1994. governo e suas vítimas.
16 de fevereiro, os quatro policiais acusados do espancamento fatal de Steve Biko são anistiados.
03 de março, o presidente Nelson Mandela anuncia 2 de junho como a data para a segunda eleição democrática da África do Sul, uma votação que marcará sua aposentadoria do cargo.
17 de março, Allan Boesak (53 anos), um importante ativista anti-apartheid, é condenado por roubar dinheiro de doadores estrangeiros destinados à Fundação pela Paz e Justiça. Mais tarde, ele foi condenado a seis anos de prisão por roubo e fraude.
25 de março, Wouter Basson, o ex-chefe de guerra química e biológica conhecido como Project Coast apelidado de "Doctor Death", foi indiciado em 64 acusações que incluíam assassinato, roubo e fraude. O Projecto Coast, sob a divisão do Serviço Médico Sul-Africano (SAMS) da Força de Defesa da África do Sul, foi um programa ultra-secreto de armas químicas e biológicas (CBW) instituído pelo governo sul-africano durante a era do apartheid. Conspiracy charges for offences in Namibia, Swaziland, Mozambique and Britain are later dismissed, with 61 charges remained. Basson was acquitted of 46 counts of murder, fraud and drug dealing in 2002.
May, President Nelson Mandela hands the Schmidtsdrift San communities almost 13,000 hectares of farmland, including Platfontein, near Kimberley. The Schmidtsdrift San are members of the! Xun and! Khwe tribes who were employed by the former SA Defence Force in its war against the South West African People's Organisation (Swapo) during the eighties.
14 May, In South Africa the ruling African National Congress signs a peace pact with the arch-rival Inkatha Freedom Party.
2 June, Millions of voters turn out for the national elections. The ANC achieves victory with 62.2% support after half the votes were counted. The final count shows a 65.7% win. The ANC won 266 seats, one seat short of a two-third majority.
15 June, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission grants amnesty to Eugene Terre’Blanche after he makes a full disclosure for his apartheid-era crimes.
16 June, Thabo Mbeki is sworn in as South Africa's second post-apartheid president succeeding former President Nelson Mandela at the Union Buildings. Mbeki appoints Jacob Zuma, who was the chairperson of the ANC, as deputy president.
8 August, The former minister of labour, Tito Mboweni, is appointed governor of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) to replace Dr Chris Stals. Mboweni, the first Black person to head this highly reputed institution, is inaugurated at Gallagher Estate, Midrand, on 7 August 1999. He first joined the South African Reserve Bank as an advisor to Stals in 1998, when he resigned all of his elected and appointed positions in the ANC.
1 September, President Thabo Mbeki launches the Directorate of Special Operations (DSO), better known as the Scorpions, a Business Unit of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA). In terms of the National Prosecuting Authority Act, 1998 (Act No. 32 of 1998), the DSO is a distinct and autonomous directorate. It works closely with other units including the Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU) and the South African Police Service (SAPS).
September, South African government signs a deal with Saab for 26 JAS Gripen fighter jets for 1.6 billion euros. The deal was later trimmed to 26 planes. Allegations of fraud later arose after Saab disclosed that bribes had been paid in the form of bonuses and salaries between 2003 and 2005 by its South African subsidiary Sanip, which was then controlled by BAE Systems.
December, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park is inscribed as South Africa’s first world heritage site as an area of exceptional and outstanding universal heritage significance. The natural values in terms of which the iSimangaliso Wetland Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List include outstanding examples of ecological processes, superlative natural phenomena and scenic beauty, and exceptional biodiversity and threatened species. It has since been joined by other sites, namely: Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa, Robben Island, Maloti-Drakensberg Park, Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Vredefort Dome, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape.
January, the partnership is formalized by South African National Aids Council (SANAC) to review its two years of work against HIV/AIDS being under the leadership of Deputy President Jacob Zuma.
27 April, The Coat of Arms of South Africa is introduced on Freedom Day. The motto! ke e: /xarra //keis written in the Khoisan language of the /Xam people and translates literally to "diverse people unite". A new coat of arms, replaces one that has served South Africa since 17 September 1910. The change reflects Government's aim to highlight the democratic change in South Africa and a new sense of patriotism.
9 - 14 July, The 13th International AIDS Conference held in Durban presents an important opportunity to focus on HIV/AIDS in the developing world, as South Africa was the first developing country to host the Conference. President Thabo Mbeki opened the conference and insisted that poverty was a greater enemy than the AIDS virus. Hundreds of delegates walked out.
July, Nkosi Johnson (10), a victim of AIDS, speaks to international delegates during the The 13th International AIDS Conference held in Durban and implores South Africa to provide HIV-positive pregnant women with anti-retroviral drugs to block transmission of the virus to children at birth. Johnson died on the 1st of June 2001 at age 12.
1 December, on World AIDS Day the South African government agrees to accept a $50 million donation of the drug fluconazole from Pfizer to treat a brain inflammation associated with AIDS. Recent approval is also given for nevirapine, a drug to reduce transmission of the AIDS virus to a fetus.
5 December, 7 people are killed at 2 polling stations during the second all-race municipal elections. The elections slashed the number of municipalities from 843 to 284 with 6 mega cities, each presided by a single mayor. The African National Congress (ANC) wins at least 59% of the contests.
18 March, the Department of Health declines the offer of a large donation of HIV test kits made by Guardian Scientific Africa Incorporated.
11 April, at least forty-three people are killed in a stampede at Ellis Park stadium, Johannesburg, at a football match between South Africa's two biggest teams, Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. Two hundred are also injured as people poured into a stadium that is already full to over capacity. Twenty-nine people dies inside the stadium and a further fourteen dies outside. Several children, including eleven year old Rosswinn Nation and thirteen year old Sphiwe Mpungose are under the fatalities.
April, 39 multi-national pharmaceutical companies halt a legal battle to stop South Africa importing generic Aids drugs. The decision is hailed as a victory for the world's poorest countries in their efforts to import cheaper drugs to combat the virus.
1 June, Nkosi Johnson (12), a victim of AIDS, dies. In 2000 he had spoken to international delegates and implored South Africa to provide HIV-positive pregnant women with anti-retroviral drugs to block transmission of the virus to children at birth.
June, Members of the Pan African Congress begins to collect three US dollars from people who occupied of vacant land in Bredell for legal and other support. The government arrests people for trespassing and lay much of the blame on the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), which had offered legal and other support to the people who occupied Bredell.
10 July, The South African government orders the demolition of shacks on the occupied land in Bredell. Between one to two thousand shacks are expected to be destroyed.
30 July, Catholic bishops in South Africa denounce condoms as "immoral and misguided" weapons against AIDS.
30 August, Govan Mbeki, the father of President Thabo Mbeki, dies at the age of 91. He authored the book "South Africa: The Peasant’s Revolt" while imprisoned on Robben Island.
21 November, The South African Government unveils World AIDS Day 2001 campaign, " I care enough to act, do you?" which is derived from the international theme " I care, do you?"
26 November, Joe Modise (72), former defence minister (1994-1999), dies. He helped to establish Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, and served as South Africa's first black Minister of Defence from 1994 to 1999.28 November, The South African Government and the South African Broadcasting Centre have a newly strengthened partnership in recognition of the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa.
4 December, Marike de Klerk (64), former wife of former President F. W. de Klerk, is found stabbed and strangled in her luxury apartment near Cape Town. On December 5th South African police arrested Luyanda Mboniswa (21), a security guard.
December 14, 2001 the High Court ruled in favour of Treatment Action Campaign and ordered the Minister of Health to make nevirapine available in all public hospitals and clinics where testing and counselling facilities existed. The High Court also ordered the Minister of Health to come up with a comprehensive programme to prevent or reduce MTCT and to submit reports to the court outlining that programme.
25 March, Pretoria High Court ruled that the government must provide the anti-AIDS drug nevirapine to all public hospitals with the capacity to use it.
11 April, Dr. Wouter Basson, a former head of the chemical and biological weapons program known as Project Coast is acquitted of 46 counts murder, fraud and drug dealing following a trial which took two and a half years.
25 April, Mark Shuttleworth becomes the first South African in space. He was a cosmonaut member of the crew of Russian’s Soyuz mission TM34 to the International Space Station. after a year of training in Star City, Russia. Shuttleworth spent eight days aboard the space station, where he conducted scientific experiments for South Africa. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-33 on 5 May 2002.
27 April, Steve Tshwete (64), security minister, died. He had been arrested in 1963 and sentenced to 15 years on Robben Island, where he spent time with Nelson Mandela.
1 June, the former South African Cricket Captain, Hansie Cronje (32), dies along with two pilots in a Hawker Siddeley 748 - 372 aircraft which crashes into the Outeniqua Mountains in the Southern Cape. Cronje was on his way home (Fancourt Estate) when he missed his scheduled flight at an Airport in Johannesburg on the evening of 31 May 2002.
16 June, The Hector Pieterson Museum opens on Maseko Street in Soweto. The museum is named after one of the first casualties of the march through Soweto on 16 June 1976, when police were ordered to shoot at a crowd of demonstrating students.
25 Jun, South Africa's parliament passed a landmark bill, the Minerals and Petroleum Resource Development Act, 2002 aimed at transforming the country's mining industry by giving the government control of mineral rights.
5 July, South Africa's constitutional court orders the provinces to scale up provision of nevirapine in public clinics and hospitals. The drugs help prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-Aids. Government argued the drug was too costly.
8 - 10 July, More than 30 African leaders gathered in Durban, South Africa to form the new African Union and to bid farewell to the Organisation of African Unity, a much-criticised regional body formed nearly four decades ago to usher the continent out of colonialism.
26 August - 4 September, The World Summit on Sustainable Development is successfully held in Johannesburg, Gauteng Province. It focuses the world's attention and direct action towards meeting difficult challenges, including improving people's lives and conserving natural resources in a world that is growing in population, with ever-increasing demands for food, water, shelter, sanitation, energy, health services and economic security. President Thabo Mbeki open the summit with a call for coordinated international action to fight poverty and protect the world's natural resources.
10 September, the Constitutional Court rules that gay couples have the right to adopt children and laws that prevent them from doing so violate their constitutional rights.
30 October, A series of bomb blasts rocks the township of Soweto, South of Johannesburg, killing one person, ripping a hole in a mosque and damaging several railway stations and rail lines running into the nearby city of Johannesburg. The Boeremag (Afrikaner Power) was believed responsible.
November, 52 governments had ratifies and adopt the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. Currently 74 governments, including the NGOs and the diamond industry are all committed and legally bound to the UN mandated process. Kimberley Process Certification Scheme is internationally recognized certification system for rough diamonds and establishing national import/export standards. This followed meetings that had begun in Kimberley, South Africa, in 2000. The scheme was fully implemented in August 2003.
9 February - 23 March, The 2003 International Cricket Council (ICC) Cricket World Cup was co-hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya. This edition of the World Cup was the first to be played on African soil. In the final, Australia made 359 runs for the loss of two wickets, the largest ever total in a final, defeating India by 125 runs.
21 March, The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) releases the last volumes of its final report. The Commission’s mandate was extended in 1998 to allow for the conclusion of the amnesty process. The Commission recommended that the government pay compensation totalling $348 million to more than 21,000 victims of apartheid-era abuses.
25 April, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela is sentenced to four years in prison for her conviction on fraud and theft charges. She is convicted of 43 counts of fraud and 25 of theft of money from a women's political league.
5 May, Walter Sisulu born in 1912, an anti-apartheid hero, passes away. He brought Nelson Mandela into the ANC and together with Oliver Tambo formed the ANC Youth League in 1944.
19 October, the South African Competitions Commission finds two giant pharmaceutical companies, GlaxoSmithKline South Africa and BoChringer-Ingelheim guilty of abusing their documented prices for their anti-retroviral drugs.
19 November, South African government approves the long-awaited provision of free antiretroviral drugs in public hospitals. The cabinet instructs the Department of Health to proceed with implementation of the plan, which envisaged that within a year there would be at least one service point in every health district across the country, and within five years, one service point in every local municipality.
9 January, President Thabo Mbeki signs the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act. It imposed a host of obligations on companies that wished to do business with the government.
14 April, South Africa holds its third democratic elections, marking a decade of democracy. A total of 20.6 million people registered to vote, making it 2 million more than the 1999 elections. Approximately 76% of the registered voters voted. The African National Congress (ANC) received 67.7% of the votes.
23 April, President Thabo Mbeki is elected unopposed for a second term. He pledges to fight poverty and improve opportunities for all South Africans after his party scored its biggest victory yet in a decade of multiracial democracy.
27 April, Thabo Mbeki is inaugurated for a second term as president of South Africa on the same day the country celebrates its 10th anniversary as a democratic state at the Union Buildings, Pretoria.
9 May, Brenda Fassie (39), South African singer and diva, dies in her sleep at Sunninghill Hospital. She dies after spending two weeks in a coma. Her death was reported to have been caused by cocaine.
15 May, the president of the Federation of International Football Association's (FIFA), Joseph "Sepp" Blatter, announced that South Africa would host the 2010 Soccer World Cup. The announcement was made in Zurich, where South Africa was represented by a delegation that included Nelson Mandela and Head of the Local Organizing Committee, Danny Jordan.
31 May, ousted Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide and his family receives a diplomatic welcome from South Africa, his new home in exile.
24 August, Mark Thatcher, the son of former British PM Margaret Thatcher, is arrested in Cape Town and charged with helping to finance a failed coup attempt in oil rich Equatorial Guinea. Thatcher was later fined three million rand and received a four-year suspended jail sentence.
7 November, South African athlete Hendrik Ramaala of wins the New York City (USA) Marathon in a time of 2:09:28; Paula Radcliffe wins the women's title in 2:23:10.
6 January, former President Nelson Mandela announces that his son, Makgatho Mandela, had died of illness related to AIDS.
7 March, the municipal council in Pretoria vote to rename the capital to Tshwane. The South Africa Geographical Names Council approved this change of name on the 26 May 2005.
11 March, President Thabo Mbeki nominates Pius Langa to become chief justice after incumbent Chief Justice Arthur Chaskalson retires in May 2005. Pius Langa became the first black justice to hold the office.
9 April, In South Africa the federal council of the New National Party, the successor to the National Party, overwhelmingly approves the party's dissolution at a meeting in Johannesburg.
26 May, South Africa Geographical Names Council responsible for names of towns and cities approves plans to rename the capital of Pretoria as Tshwane.
2 June, Schabir Shaik is convicted by retired Judge Hilary Squires at the Durban High Court on two counts of corruption and one of fraud relating to bribes he allegedly paid to influence Zuma in order to win government contracts for Shaik’s company, Nkobi Holdings. In his verdict Judge Squires announced that there was a corrupt relationship between Shaik and Zuma. Shaik served two years and four months of his fifteen year sentence before he was freed in 2009, allegedly on medical grounds.
10 June, Pius Langa (66), a former shirt factory worker is appointed South Africa’s Chief Justice's, marking the appointment of the first black South African to head a court system assailed by allegations of racism.
14 June, President Thabo Mbeki dismisses his deputy Jacob Zuma, after he was implicated in a corruption scandal, throwing wide open the question of who will become the next leader of South Africa. Mbeki appoints Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, his minister for minerals and energy, to replace Zuma.
27 September, Brett Kebble (41), a mining entrepreneur and cultural philanthropist, who has links with the African National Congress is found shot to death in Johannesburg. Jackie Selebi, South Africa’s chief of police, later admitted to being a friend to a confessed drug trafficker Glen Agliotti. Glen Agliotti was implicated in the murder. In 2010 a judge dropped murder charges against Agliotti.
30 September, Mark Scott-Crossley, a white farmer convicted in the murder of one of his former black workers, is sentenced to life in prison. Co-defendant Simon Mathebula is sentenced to 15 years. On 31 January 2004, Nelson Chisale (41), who had been fired two months earlier for apparently running a personal errand during work hours, was beaten with machetes, tied up, driven to a nearby lion reserve, and thrown over the fence.
4 November, South Africa's former deputy president Jacob Zuma is indicted on a corruption charges in a scandal involving his financial adviser Schabir Shaik and two French arms companies.
10 November, The Southern African Large Telescope (Salt) in Sutherland, the largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere, is inaugurated by the President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki. SALT can gather more than 25 times as much light as any existing telescope in Africa, enabling it to detect a candle flame as far away as the moon. It is a 10-metre class optical telescope designed mainly for spectroscopy located close to the town of Sutherland in the semi-desert region of the Karoo, South Africa.
1 December, the Constitutional Court in South Africa rules it is unconstitutional to prevent gay people from marrying, paving the way for the country to become the first to legalize same-sex unions on a continent where homosexuality remains largely taboo.
December 6, former-deputy President Jacob Zuma is formally charged with rape, after a woman, who slept for a night at his residence, files charges with the police.
7 December, the African National Congress accepts the withdrawal of Jacob Zuma, its popular deputy president from leadership duties for the duration of his rape trial.
4 February, Zoliswa Nkonyana (19), a lesbian, is stoned, kicked and stabbed to death just meters from her Cape Town home. In 2011 four men were convicted of her murder. On Feb 1, 2012, the 4 men were sentenced to 18 years in prison.
12 February, South Africa Holds the 2-day summit in Hammanskraal which is the 7th meeting of center-left leaders since the Progressive Governance Network was created in 1999 by Blair and former US president Bill Clinton. British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and 5 other leaders pledges to push for a new global trade deal that will help poor countries.
4 March, after the Local Government elections on the 1st March 2006, the African National Congress (ANC) wins the majority of seats nationwide, with 66.3% of the vote while the Democratic Alliance (DA) takes 14.8% of the votes nationwide. Inkatha Freedom Party took 8.1% of the vote while the new party the Independent Democrats toakes 2.0.May 8, the court finds Jacob Zuma not guilty of rape, agreeing with Zuma that the sexual act in question was consensual paving his way to become the ANC president at the Polokwane Conference in 2007.Judge van der Merwe lambasted the accuser for lying to the court.
24 August, South Africa's cabinet gives the green light for a bill allowing gay marriages, which would make it the first country in Africa and fifth country in the world to accord homosexual couples the same rights as their straight counterparts to allow legal marriages between same-sex couples with the promulgation of the Civil Unions Act. On 30 November 2006, South Africa legalises same sex marriages.
31 October, Former South Africa prime minister and later State President from 1978 to 1989, Pieter Willem Botha, dies peacefully at the age of 90 at his house Die Anker near Wilderness in the Western Cape. He was found dead in bed. In the 1980s he had resisted pressure to release Nelson Mandela from prison.
30 November, South Africa’s parliament approves new legislation recognising gay marriages. South Africa becomes the first country in Africa, and only the fifth in the world, to legalise same sex marriages.
2 January, South Africa officially assumes its seat as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council following elections held on 16 October 2006 in the United Nations General Assembly. South Africa is selected for the first time as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for the period 2007/08.
2 January, Oprah Winfrey opens a school for disadvantaged girls south of Johannesburg, fulfilling a promise she made to former President Nelson Mandela six years ago and giving more than 150 students a chance for a better future.
2 January, Marais Viljoen (91), former president of South Africa (1979-1984), passes away. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices in an executive presidency.
13 April, Health Ministers from various African countries meeting in South Africa adopts a health strategy to deal with the host of diseases on the continent, a dearth of health workers and failing health systems.
6 May, Helen Zille, mayor of Cape Town, was elects as leader of the Democratic Alliance (DA) after former party leader Tony Leon stepped down.
10 May, South Africa's common law was rewritten to classify forced anal sex with a woman or girl, previously considered indecent assault, as rape. The statute called Sexual Offences Act was passed in December 2007. In common law, rape was defined by a male having unlawful and intentional sexual intercourse with a female without her consent. Sexual intercourse was defined exclusively as the penetration of the female sexual organs by the male.
14 May, deputies and experts attend the Pan African Parliament in South Africa called for Western countries to help reverse the environmental damage to the continent. African Union Commission’s rural development and agriculture commission director Babagana Ahmadu present a report on the issue to the Pan African Parliament (PAP) in Midrand.
22 May, the Sexual Offences Amendment Bill, which is still under consideration, defines rape as any sexual penetration, including of the anus or mouth, without consent - irrespective of the victim or perpetrator's gender. The legislation was finally passed in December 2007.
8 August, President Thabo Mbeki dismisses Deputy Health Minister Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge following reports that she had gone to Spain to attend an AIDS conference without his permission.
17 August 2007, Former law and order minister Adriaan Vlok and former police chief Johan van der Merwe, together with former Major-General Christoffel Smith and colonels Gert Otto and Johannes Van Staden, appear in the Pretoria High Court on charges of attempting to murder anti-apartheid activist Rev Frank Chikane, by poison in 1989. They receive suspended sentences after pleading guilty to the charges. 29 August, a statue of Nelson Mandela is unveiled outside the Parliament Square in London by Richard Attenborough, Ken Livingstone, Wendy Woods (the widow of Donald Woods) and Gordon Brown, honouring the South African anti-apartheid campaigner as one of the great leaders of his era.
5 October, South African National Prosecuting Authority reveals it had obtained an arrest warrant for the South National Police Commissioner and Interpol President Jackie Selebi in charges related to his dealings with Glen Agliotti who has been charged with murder of Brett Kebble.
18 October, South African reggae star Lucky Dube (43) is shot and killed in an apparent carjacking attempt in Johannesburg's southern Rosettenville suburb.
20 October, The Rugby World Cup which began on 7 September hosted by France, with matches also being played in Wales and Scotland is won by South Africa after beating England 15-6 at State de France, Saint-Denis. South Africa becomes the second country to win the World Cup twice.
21October, police arrests five men in connection with the killing of Lucky Dube and subsequently the men were sentenced to life in prison for the botched carjacking and murder in 2009.
17 November, the G-20 summit begin talks in South Africa focusing on reforming the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
18 December, African National Congress delegates cast their votes for party leader. Jacob Zuma defeats President Thabo Mbeki by 2,329 votes to 1,505 at the party convention and moves into position to become president in 2009.
28 December, the National Prosecuting Authority serves Jacob Zuma an indictment to stand trial in the High Court on various counts of racketeering, money laundering, corruption and fraud.
21 December, The Freedom Park opens the doors of two of its elements, namely Isivivane and S'khumbuto, to the nation. S'khumbuto bears testimony to the various conflicts that shaped present-day South Africa and remembers those who died during these struggles while Isivivane is the spiritual resting place of those who played a role in the freedom and liberation of South Africa. Freedom Park is a space where South Africans and visitors to the country can reflect on the past, and is an inspiration for the future. It is regarded as one of the most ambitious heritage projects the government has invested in; an attempt to encapsulate the heart and soul of South Africa in a physical space.
December, South Africa's Parliament passes the Astronomy Geographic Advantage Act, which declares the Northern Cape an "astronomy advantage area", giving the Minister of Science and Technology powers to protect the area from future radio interference.
12 January, South African National Police Commissioner Jackie Selebi is placed on extended leave, a day after the National ProsecutingAuthority announced plans to charge him with corruption over his links to a murder suspect.
13 January, South African National Police Commissioner Jackie Selebi resigns as president of Interpol and planned to fight corruption allegations. The indictment by the National Prosecuting Authority shows that between 2000 to 2005 Selebi received at least R1,2-million from Agliotti and his associates, including R30 000 from Agliotti a day or two after magnate Brett Kebble was killed.
May 11, a series of attacks against mainly foreign nationals starts in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg, Gauteng. This is rapidly followed by others within northern Johannesburg. The spread of xenophobic attacks escalates to settlements in Ekurhuleni and some parts of central Johannesburg, including Randfontein, western Gauteng. On 17 May, the spread of xenophobic attacks reached Durban, KwaZulu” Natal resulting in the displacement of some 2,000 foreign nationals. The Western Cape also experienced attacks against foreign nationals starting on 22 May 2008 in DuNoon. Within three weeks of violence 62 people including South Africans were killed.
12 May, The United States of America (USA) Supreme Court affirms a lower court ruling that multinational companies can be sued in a USA court for allegedly aiding and abetting the former apartheid government in South Africa.
7 July, The governor of the South African Reserve Bank Tito Mboweni announces that Five million bi-metallic coins featuring a smiling Nelson Mandela have already been minted and is to be released into circulation as part of Mandela’s official 90th birthday celebration on Friday, July 18.
15 August, South African authorities in Gauteng begins closing camps that have housed thousands of foreigners displaced by xenophobic violence, in a move that has drawn concern they could face more attacks when they return home.
15 August, South Africa's Constitutional Court has instructs officials in Gauteng province not to dismantle six temporary shelters housing foreigners forced to flee their homes by xenophobic violence, pending a ruling on the issue.
21 August, A statue of former President Nelson Mandela is unveiled at the Groot Drakenstein prison, where he spent a part of his imprisonment, in Paarl near Cape Town.
28 July, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, following approval by the General Assembly, appoints Navanethem (Navi) Pillay as the new High Commissioner for Human Rights. Judge Pillay's nomination came at the end of an extensive selection process, which included consultations with Member States and with the broad-based non-governmental organization community.
12 September, The Pietermaritzburg High Court Judge Chris Nicholson, holds, inter alia, that the corruption charges are unlawful on procedural grounds. President Thabo Mbekiapplied to the Constitutional court to appeal the Nicholson verdict which the NPA opposed. Jacob Zumaalso stated that he opposed Mbeki’s application.
21 September, Thabo Mbekihands his resignation letter to the former speaker of parliament Baleka Mbete and announces his resignation as President of South Africa on television nine months before his second term of office expired.
25 September, South Africa's parliament elects Kgalema Motlanthe, former trade unionist, freedom fighter and deputy leader of the ruling ANC, as interim president of a country when Mbeki leaves office.
23 October, South Africa’s National Assembly approves new legislation to disband the Scorpions investigating unit and incorporate it into the police force.
9 November, South African singer Miriam Makeba dies at the age of 76 after a 30 minute performance for Roberto Saviano in the Italian town of Caserta. Makeba's music transcended South African borders and entered the global stage.
16 December, The Congress of the People (COPE) is founded in Bloemfontein. It is a new South African political party formed by former members of the African National Congress (ANC) The party was founded by former ANC members Mosiuoa Lekota, Mbhazima Shilowa and Mluleki George to contest the 2009 general election.
1 January, Helen Suzman (91), South African anti-apartheid activist, dies peacefully in her home in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. She won international acclaim as one of the few white lawmakers to fight against the injustices of racist rule and nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize.
30 January, President Kgalema Motlanthe signed legislation that disbands the country's elite anti-crime investigating unit, known as the Scorpions. The unit known as Hawks becomes part of the standard police force.
6 April, The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) drops corruption charges against Jacob Zuma, saying the case had been manipulated for political reasons and clearing the way for him to become the next president without the looming threat of a trial.
22 April, South Africans votes on the fourth democratic general elections. The African National Congress took 65.9 percent of the nearly 18 million votes cast, failing to get its coveted two-thirds of the seats in the 400-member parliament. The Democratic Alliance (DA) won nearly 17% and 17 seats, while the new Congress of the People obtained 7% of the vote. The Inkatha Freedom Party got 5% of the vote winning 18 seats.
6 May, South Africa's parliament elects Jacob Zuma as the country's president. Zuma won 277 votes in the 400 member National Assembly.
9 May, Jacob Zuma is sworn in as president of the Republic of South Africa in Union Building in Pretoria.
18 July, former President Nelson Mandela’s 91st birthday, also marks the inaugural Mandela Day. After the success of the first Mandela Day, the United Nations adopts it as a day for global humanitarian action calling it “Nelson Mandela International Day”.
August, the construction of the MeerKAT Precursor Array (also known as KAT-7) begins on the Northern Cape. The 7-dish array was a precursor for MeerKAT which will consist of 64 dishes of 13.5 meters in diameter, the most powerful in the southern hemisphere.
1 December, President Jacob Zuma announces on World AIDS Day in Pretoria that all HIV-positive babies under the age of one will receive anti-retroviral drugs as part of a huge expansion of treatment.
12 December, Miss World 2009, the 59th edition of the Miss World pageant, is held at the Gallagher Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. Kaiane Aldorino from Gibraltar was crowned the new Miss World.112 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown, marking the biggest turnout in the pageant's history.
16 December, Dr Manto Tshabalala-Msimang (69) dies at the Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre and Medi-Clinic ICU. Her doctor, Professor Jeff Wing, announced that she died from complications related to her liver transplant in 2007.
30 December, last South African soldiers who are in Burundi from the African Union Special Task Force still operating in Burundi completed their mission and left the country to return to South Africa.
3 April, Eugene Terre’blanche (69), the leader of the right wing Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB), is attacked and killed by a 21-year-old man and a 15-year-old boy who worked for him on his farm outside Ventersdorp, about 110 km (68 miles) northwest of Johannesburg, following a dispute over pay. The alleged attackers were arrested and charged with murder.
8 April, the World Bank agrees to lend South Africa $3.75 billion to assist with several energy projects, with $3.05 billion allocated for completion of the Medupi Power Station. The approval of the World Bank loan draws criticism for supporting increased global emissions of greenhouse gases.
14 May, Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert (70), academic, political analyst and anti-apartheid activist in the apartheid-era Parliament, dies at his home in Johannesburg. The former South African legislator helped chart a way out of apartheid by leading fellow whites into talks with exiled black South African leaders.
11 June, The Soccer World Cup starts in a packed Soccer City stadium in Johannesburg with hosts South Africa taking on Mexico. Host nation South Africa got the continent's first World Cup off to a thrilling start by scoring the tournament's opening goal in a spirited 1-1 draw with Mexico. Approximately 85,000 spectators attended the match while millions watched on the screens all over the country.
22 June, despite a strong performance in beating France 2-1, the hosts, South Africa is knocked out of the competition at the group stage.
6 July, Basic Education Minister Angie Motshekga announces that pupils will have the option of learning in their mother language in their first three years of schooling. Children were currently taught either in English or Afrikaans, both languages inherited from the eras of colonialism and apartheid.
11 July, President Jacob Zuma address leaders from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Togo, Mozambique, the Netherlands and neighboring Zimbabwe at an Education Summit in Pretoria, before inviting them to join him at the World Cup final. The summit was the culmination of 1GOAL, a campaign supported by football's governing body FIFA to use the attention the World Cup commands to publicize the need to get more children into school.
11 July, the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final takes place at Soccer City stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the winner of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Spain is crowned the winner after defeating the Netherlands 1-0.
29 July, President Jacob Zuma announce that South Africa would stop recognizing half the nation's traditional kings and queens, dismissing them as artificial creations of the apartheid regime. Leaders of the six kingships not recognised areBatlokwa ba Mota: King Lekunutu Cavandish Mota, Free State; Bakwena baMopeli: King Thokwane Mopeli, Free State; AmaRharhabe: King Bangilizwe Maxhobayakhawuleza Sandile, Eastern Cape; Amampondo ase-Nyandeni: King Ndamase kaNdamase, Eastern Cape; Ndzundza Mabhoko : King Mbusi Mahlangu, Mpumalanga, and AbaThembu base-Rhode in the Eastern Cape.
3 August, Former National Police Commissioner Jackie Selebi (60) is sentenced to 15 years in prison on corruption related charges after he was found guilty on 03 July 2009 of receiving bribes to turn a blind eye to drug trafficking, making him one of one of the most senior officials to be convicted of corruption in the democratic era.
2 September, South Africa’s Home Affairs department announces the withdrawal of the April, 2009, special status granted to illegal Zimbabwean immigrants who fled their country's economic meltdown and political violence. The government intends to begin deportations after the 31st December 2010.
12 October, At the United Nations South Africa, Colombia, Germany, India and Portugal were elected to join the other powers on the UN Security Council for two years, starting in January.
24 December, South Africa is formally invited to become a member of BRICS, an acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies playing a key role in the world development platforms known as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
23 March, South Africa’s University of Johannesburg votes to sever ties with Israel's Ben-Gurion University, acting on calls from hundreds of South African academics and intellectuals for an academic boycott in a growing campaign to isolate Israel for its attacks on Palestinians in Gaza. It ends a 25-year relationship on April 1, but professors can continue to work individually with Ben-Gurion.
27 March, South Africa's government Communication department announce that the government is launching a newspaper to rectify media censorship of government information. Its bimonthly magazine will launch next month as a 20-page, free, monthly newspaper called Vuk'uzenzele, which means "Wake up and do it for yourself" in Zulu.
31 March, Crime Intelligence Head Richard Mdluli hands himself over to police and briefly appears in court after a warrant for his arrest in connection with the 1999 murder of Oupa Ramogibe is issued.
18 May, South Africa hold local government and municipal elections in 278 municipalities. With 57.6% voter turn-out, the biggest ever since 1994, the African National Congress won the highest number of seats and councils, 198 councils and 5 633 seats constituting 62% of the vote. The Democratic Alliance came second with 18 councils, 1 555 seats and 23.9%.
31 May, the South African Human Rights Commission finds South Africa's ambassador to Uganda, Jon Qwelane guilty of hate speech for an anti-gay column he wrote before his appointment. Jon Qwelane is ordered to apologize and pay a fine of R100,000 that the Human Rights Commission will donate to a gay rights organization.
June 2, African National Congress (ANC) stalwart, Albertina Sisulu, a to former ANC Secretary, Walter Sisulu’s wife passes away at her Linden home, Johannesburg at the age of 92.
18 July, Former South African General and Defence Minister Magnus Malan (81) dies at his homein Durbanville, Cape Town.
11 August, the government announces it has approved a National Health Insurance proposal aimed at overhauling dysfunctional public health facilities that serve more than 80 percent of the population. The National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme is to be piloted in 10 areas next year and rolled out nationally over 14 years.
2 August, the South African government agrees to a R2.5 billion loan to neighbouring Swaziland, just one quarter of the amount sought by King Mswati III to avoid his government's financial collapse.
9 September, a Pretoria regional magistrate sentences Robert McBride to two years imprisonment for driving under the influence of alcohol and an effective three years imprisonment for attempting to obstruct the course of justice.
12 September, The Equality Court convicts Julius Malema (30), of hate speech and in effect bans the singing of the song, "Shoot the Boer.” The court found he has no right to sing "Shoot the Boer," a song some whites find offensive. The next day the ANC said it would appeal the decision.
21 September, Crime Intelligence Head Richard Mdluli hands himself over to authorities and appears in the Commercial Crimes Court in Pretoria on fraud and corruption charges. It is alleged that he used a crime intelligence fund to pay salaries and buy houses and cars for girlfriends and their relatives as well as his own relatives, who had been registered as covert intelligence operatives. He is released on a warning.
9 & ndash; 10 October, South Africa conducts its third census In October 2012, Statistics South Africa releases the results of its 2011Census, the third official census since the advent of democracy. It reveals that between the first and the most recent post-apartheid census the population grew by just over 11 million to 51.7 million and 79.6% of the population is black.
7 October, in a case which raises concerns about “corrective rape” targeting, four men are convicted of murdering Zoliswa Nkonyana (19) who was lesbian in Cape Town. In 2006 the men stoned, kicked and stabbed to death just meters (yards) from her home.
24 October, President Jacob Zuma announces the suspension of the National Police Commissioner General Bheki Cele pending the outcome of an investigation into "unlawful" police lease agreements.
26 October, Palestine’s bid to become a full member of the UN has receives the full backing of South Africa. South Africa reaffirms its conviction that Palestine is a state that Palestine is a peace-loving state, and that Palestine is willing and able to carry out its obligations under the Charter of the United Nations.
10 November - African National Congress suspends its youth leader Julius Malema for five years after a disciplinary committee found him guilty of bringing the party into disrepute and sowing divisions.
22 November, the South African National Assembly approves the Protection of State Information Bill despite widespread opposition and question marks around its constitutionality. The outcome of the vote was 229 in favour and 107 against in the 400-member House. There were two abstentions.
22 November, Mayor Kgosientso Ramokgopa announces South Africa's capital Pretoria will be renamed Tshwane by the end of 2012, with main roads also given names of anti-apartheid leaders.
28 November - 9 December, the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is successfully held in Durban. The conference agrees to establish a legally binding deal comprising all countries by 2015, which was to take effect in 2020.
1December, President Jacob Zuma unveils a plan to halve the number of HIV infections over the next five years. The new plan calls for stepped-up prevention efforts to halve new infections of HIV and tuberculosis by 2016 and to put 80 percent of eligible patients on anti-retroviral drugs to fight AIDS.
7 December, an investigation commissioned by the South African government into the UN oil-for-food programme in Iraq clears Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe of corruption, a report released Wednesday said. The probe was ordered by then president Thabo Mbeki in 2006, into what has become known in the country as "Oilgate", to look at allegations of kickbacks sourced by senior members of the ruling party from the State Oil Marketing Organisation of Iraq (SOMO).
14 December, the Specialised Commercial Crime Court provisionally withdraw fraud and corruption charges against Richard Mdluli with no reason given. It later emerges that advocate Lawrence Mrwebi, national head of the specialised commercial crimes unit, instructed prosecutors Sibongile Mzinyathi and Glynnis Breytenbach to withdraw the charges, arguing that the Âpolice and NPA had no authority to investigate intelligence matters and that the case should be handled by inspector-general of intelligence Faith Radebe.
20 December, African National Congress branch in Limpopo elects Julius Malema to a senior African National Congress post. An ANC disciplinary panel in November found Malema guilty of bringing the party into disrepute, and expelled him for five years. Malema has appealed the suspension and is allowed to stay in the party pending a decision.
7 February, convictions handed down by the National Disciplinary Committee to African National Congress Youth League leaders are upheld by an appeals committee and Julius Malema was given an option to argue for a lighter sentence. As a result Malema was stripped of his title and party membership.
11 February, South African Reserve Bank launches a new line of bank notes bearing the image of its first democratically elected president, Nelson Mandela (93), on the 22nd anniversary of his release from prison.
20 March, South Africa’s Supreme Court rules in favour of the Democratic Alliance that the National Prosecuting Authority must allow a review of a 2009 decision by its head Mokotedi Mpshe who dropped charges of corruption, racketeering, tax-evasion and money laundering against President Jacob Zuma.
4 April, the National Disciplinary Committee to African National Congress on suspended its youth leader Julius Malema with immediate effect, banning him from all party activities. The temporary and immediate suspension of Malema comes into effect on 4 April 2012.
22 May, Chris Mahlangu, one of the two accused black farmworkers in the April 3, 2010, murder Eugene Terre’blanche, the leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) is convicted. Co-accused Patrick Ndlovu, who was a minor at the time of the crime, is found guilty only of house-breaking, and not guilty on charges of murder and robbery.
25 May, the Members of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Organisation announced that the SKA telescope would be split between Africa and Australia, with a majority share of the telescope destined to be built in South Africa. All of the Phase 2 dishes destined will be built in Africa.
June 12, General Bheki Cele was sacked by President Jacob Zuma for alleged offences of fraud and corruption in handling of leases for police headquarters that were signed at far above market rates. General Cele was found guilty for maladministration and found unfit for the office of National Police Commissioner by Justice Jake Moloi’s independent investigation Inquiry in May 2011.
15 July, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is elected by the African Union Commission as its chairperson, making her the first woman and South African to lead the organisation. She took office on 15 October 2012.
28 July - Members of the white extremist group found guilty of high treason and plotting to kill Nelson Mandela and trying to overthrow government. The "Boeremag" organisation had planned a right-wing coup in 2002 to overthrow the post-apartheid government by creating chaos in the country.
August-October - Police open fire on workers at a platinum mine in Marikana, killing at least 34 people, and leaving at least 78 injured and arresting more than 200 others. Prosecutors drop murder charges in September against 270 miners after a public outcry, and the government sets up a judicial commission of inquiry in October.
26 September - Former ANC youth leader Julius Malema is charged with money laundering over a government tender awarded to a company partly owned by his family trust. Malema says the case is a politically motivated attempt to silence his campaign against President Jacob Zuma, in particular over the Marikana shootings.
5 October - Anglo American Platinum (Amplats) fires 12,000 striking South African miners after a protracted strike over wages.
15 October, South Africa’s Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma takes charge of the African Union, the first woman to assume its top leadership.
6 November, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) issued a new series of banknotes in South Africa. The new R10, R20, R50, R100, and R200 banknotes feature a portrait of former president Nelson Mandela on front, while the back of the notes have maintained the “Big Five” animal images that appear on current banknotes. The current and the new banknotes are the same size.
9 November, Bulldozers accompanied by South Africa Police Services destroy homes in Lenasia Township in Johannesburg that authorities say were constructed on illegally sold land, despite efforts by protesters to stop the demolition.
16 December, four white men are arrested and face treason and terrorism charges over an alleged plot that include plans to attack the African National Congress political party conference in Mangaung, North West and kill President Jacob Zuma and others.
18 December, Prosecutors identified the four men arrested for treason and terrorism as Mark Trollip, Johan Prinsloo, Martin Keevy and Hein Boonzaaier during a court hearing in Bloemfontein.
6 January, South Africa government authorises the deployment of up to 400 South African soldiers to the Central African Republic (CAR) as part of a military co-operation agreement between the two countries to help the country's army as it faces a threat from a coalition of rebel groups. Neighbouring countries Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of Congo sent about 120 troops each to help stabilise the country confronted by the rebellion.
19 January - 10 February, South Africa hosts the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for the second time after the original host Libya was stripped of its hosting rights due to the Libyan civil war. It was the 29th Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF)
5 February, South African police arrest 19 suspected Congolese rebels, including two senior members of the M23 group, on suspicion of running an illegal military operation. The group was arrested in Limpopo after an investigation by a crime intelligence unit.
8 February, Police in South Africa arrested the Etienne Kabila as "ringleader" of a group of 19 Congolese rebels who face charges of allegedly plotting a war to unseat Congolese President Joseph Kabila.
Feb 14, double-amputee Olympian runner Oscar Pistorius shot and killed his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp. Pistorius is later arrested on a charge of murder. He made history at the London 2012 Olympics when he became the first amputee sprinter to compete in the able-bodied Games, running in the 400m and 4x400m relay.
Feb 18, Former Vice-Chancellor of University of Cape Town Dr Mamphela Ramphele, an academic and co-founder of the nation’s Black Conscious Movement, announces the creation of Agang, a new political party "to build the South Africa of our dreams."
6 March, Dirk Coetzee (57), a former commander of the Vlakplaas covert police unit during apartheid-era in South Africa, dies at home in Pretoria. Coetzee had fled South Africa in 1989. He pledged allegiance to the ANC in exile and told the Harms Commission in Britain how he had watched his colleagues murder the student activist Sizwe Kondile and the human rights lawyer Griffiths Mxenge. He returned in 1993 and was a witness at the trial of former police Colonel Eugene de Kock. In testimony to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Coetzee confessed to plotting the 1981 murder of attorney Griffiths Mxenge.
25 March, The presidency announces that 13 South African soldiers were killed and 27 wounded in fighting in the Central African Republic.
27 March, Leaders of the five BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), meeting in Durban, kwaZulu-Natal, agree to create a development bank to help fund their $4.5 trillion infrastructure programs.
2 April, South Africa withdraws most of its 200 troops in the Central African Republic where 13 soldiers are killed when rebels attacked their base.
25 April - The National Assembly voted to pass the Protection of State Information Bill by an overwhelming majority of 190 votes to 75.
30 April, A chartered plane carrying about 200 guests from India to attend Gupta’s family wedding was allowed to land at the Waterkloof Air Force Base, bypassing customs procedures. It was later flown to a civilian O. R Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg. Five South African officials, including police and military commanders, were soon suspended over the incident.
19 August, Pretoria High court formally indicted Olympian sprinter Oscar Pistorius on charges of premeditated murder and illegal possession of ammunition in the Valentine’s Day death of his girlfriend, model Reeva Steenkamp. His will begin on March 3, 2014.
13 October, Julius Malema, former head of the ANC’s Youth League, launches his Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) party in Marikana. Malema formed the EFF following his expulsion from the governing African National Congress (ANC) in 2012 after a bitter fall-out with President Jacob Zuma.
29 October, Mike du Toit, along with four others, was sentenced to 35 years in jail the for his role as a mastermind behind the 2002 right-wing extremist plot to kill former President Nelson Mandela and drive blacks out of the country. The rest of the 20 militia members on trial received 10 and 30 years sentences depending on their degree of involvement in the plot. The judge suspended 10 years of the sentences for some and took into account the time behind bars during the trial.
2013 South Africa observes the centenary of the Natives Land Act of 1913. The Act became law on 19 June 1913, restricting black people from buying or occupying land in South Africa except as employees.
5 December, South Africa’s first democratic elected President Nelson Mandela passes away. He was buried in Qunu in the Eastern Cape on the 15th December 2013.
16 December, A statue of Nelson Mandela is unveiled outside the Union Buildings in Pretoria, a day after his funeral. It was later discovered that sculptors Andre Prinsloo and Ruhan Janse van Vuuren had added a small rabbit inside one ear as a discreet signature on their work. Officials soon ordered the rabbit removed.
11 January - 1 February, The 2014 African Nations Championship was the third African Nations Championship football tournament hosted in South Africa.
27 January, President Jacob Zuma signs a “DNA Act” to match more sexual offenders, including many who break the law more than once, with their crimes, exonerate the wrongly accused and crack cold cases.
28 January, South Africa's main opposition Democratic Alliance party headed by Helen Zille announces its intention to merge with the smaller Agang group to jointly challenge the ruling ANC party. Dr Mamphela Ramphele is supposed to stand as the presidential candidate of the new coalition. But this plan was abandoned shortly after a few days.
11February, South Africa issues a black-and-white commemorative stamp to celebrate the life and legacy of anti-apartheid hero Nelson Mandela who died last year.
19 March, the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela finds that some of the R246 million taxpayer-funded refurbishments at President Jacob Zuma's Nkandla residence are unlawful and orderes him to repay part of the cost.
7 May, South Africans votes in the fifth democratic and first "Born Free" election. The African National Congress (ANC) is officially declared the winner of South Africa's 2014 general election on 12 May, after securing 62.15% of the national vote. The Democratic Alliance increases its support nationally to 22.23% followed by newcomers the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) which emerged as the third most popular party after the ANC and DA, with 6.35% of the vote.
24 May, President Jacob Zuma is sworn in at the start of his second term at the Union Buildings.
21 June, Albie Sachs (79), the South African judge who survived a bomb attack and rose to fame for his role in the anti-apartheid struggle, is awarded the Tang Prize, touted as Asia's version of the Nobel Prize, for his contributions to human rights and justice.
13 July, Nadine Gordimer (90), a Nobel literature laureate (1991) and anti-apartheid activist, dies at home in Johannesburg. Her work includes 15 novels and volumes of short stories that explored the complex of relationships and racial conflict in apartheid-era South Africa.
28 August, South Africa's Supreme Court of Appeals orders the National Prosecuting Authority to release taped phone conversations about corruption charges against President Jacob Zuma.
5 September, A representative of the Dalai Lama said South Africa has denied a visa to the Nobel peace Prize laureate. The Tibetan spiritual leader had hoped to attend a Nobel peace conference in Cape Town during October. This was South Africa’s 3rd denial in five years. The Government denied any wrong-doing.
2 October, Cape Town mayor Patricia de Lille announces that a planned summit of Nobel peace laureates had been "suspended", citing the government's "intransigence" in not providing a visa to the Dalai Lama.
21 October, In South Africa Olympic and Paralympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius is sentenced to five years in prison for killing his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp on Feb 13, 2013.
24 October, Mbulaheni Mulaudzi a South African middle distance runner, and the 2009 world champion in the men's 800 metres died in a car crash at the age of 34. He was en-route to an Athletics South Africa athletics meeting when his car overturned. Mulaudzi has been laid to rest on the 1st November at his home village of Muduluni in Limpopo's Mhado-Louis Trichardt area.
24 October, Phindile Mwelase, 31, a Light middleweight female professional boxer died following a knockout punch Liz Butler, that put her in a coma on October 10.Mwelase was laid to rest on the 1st of November at her home town, Ladysmith in Emashiswelwaneni, KwaZulu-Natal.
26 October, In South Africa Senzo Meyiwa (27), goalkeeper and captain national soccer team Bafana Bafana, was killed in an apparent robbery when gunmen entered a house he was visiting in Vosloorus township near Johannesburg. He was buried on the 1st November at the Heroes Acre cemetery in Chesterville, KwaZulu-Natal Province.
5 December, marks the first anniversary of the death of former president Nelson Mandela at the age of 95 at his Houghton home in Johannesburg.
Last updated : 20-Apr-2017.
This article was produced for South African History Online on 17-Apr-2014.
Um Plano Integrado de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Resíduos da Indústria (IIWTMP) para pneus inservíveis foi aprovado pelo Hon Ministro B E E Molewa em novembro de 2012 e tem sido implementado pela REDISA desde então. Desde então, a DEA estabeleceu o Departamento de Resíduos em termos da seção 34A (1) da Lei Nacional de Gestão Ambiental & ndash; Lei de Resíduos, 2008 (Lei Nº 59 de 2008).
3ª Economia da Biodiversidade Indaba.
A 3ª Economia Nacional da Biodiversidade, Indaba, será realizada de 8 a 10 de março de 2018, na Província do Cabo Oriental. Este evento se concentrará principalmente em buscar construir as bases bem-sucedidas para realizar uma Plataforma Única de Comércio e Investimento na Economia da Biodiversidade Africana.
Aviso geral sobre a decisão de alocação de permissões do BBWW e do WSCD 2017.
O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais publicou um aviso geral para as decisões sobre a observação de baleias baseada em barcos (BBWW) e o mergulho em gaiola de tubarão branco (WSCD) permite o processo de alocação de 2017. Os avisos servem para definir os critérios, o processo e a metodologia as decisões sobre alocação de licenças nos setores BBWW e WSCD.
Dia Mundial da Vida Selvagem 2018.
O Dia Mundial da Vida Selvagem é celebrado anualmente em 3 de março, o dia da assinatura da Convenção sobre o Comércio Internacional de Espécies Ameaçadas de Fauna e Flora Silvestres (CITES) em 1973. Dia Mundial da Vida Selvagem 2018, celebrado sob o tema & ldquo; Grandes felinos: predadores sob ameaça & rdquo ;.
Regulamentos da AIA ao solicitar o desenvolvimento de infraestruturas de redes elétricas e atividades de desenvolvimento de energias renováveis.
O Ministro Molewa, nos termos da seção 24 (5) (a) e (b) da NEMA, 1998 e a Regra 15 dos Regulamentos EIA, previam os procedimentos a serem seguidos na solicitação de atividades de desenvolvimento de infra-estrutura de redes elétricas e na solicitação de recursos renováveis. atividades de desenvolvimento energético.
Esboço do Plano de Gestão Estuarino do Rio Búfalo para comentários públicos.
A Ministra Edna Molewa publicou no dia 16 de fevereiro de 2018 no Aviso do Governo No. 116, no Diário Oficial do Governo No.41445, um esboço do Plano de Manejo do Rio Búfalo para comentários públicos. Os comentários públicos escritos devem ser enviados dentro de 30 dias da publicação do aviso.
20 de fevereiro de 2018 - O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais (DEA) aplaudiu um grupo de Monitores Ambientais (EM), também conhecido como Maeba (Doves), por seu trabalho impecável para combater o flagelo da caça aos rinocerontes na área de Hoedspruit. Com pelo menos 1 659 jovens sul-africanos a participarem no Programa de Monitores Ambientais.
20 de fevereiro de 2018 - A Ministra de Assuntos Ambientais, Dra. Edna Molewa, publicou no dia 16 de fevereiro de 2018, publicado no Aviso do Governo nº 116 no Diário Oficial do Governo Nº 41445 do Plano de Manejo do Rio Búfalo para comentário público. O EMP Buffalo River foi desenvolvido em termos de NEM: ICMA24 de 2008.
15 de fevereiro de 2018 - O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais (DEA) mostrará o trabalho dos Monitores Ambientais (EM) em sua luta para conter o flagelo da caça de rinocerontes nas partes orientais do Parque Nacional Kruger, na fronteira com a área de Hoedspruit, em Limpopo. Com pelo menos 1 620 jovens sul-africanos participando do programa Monitores Ambientais em todo o país.
13 de fevereiro de 2018 - A Ministra de Assuntos Ambientais, Dr Edna Molewa nomeou a Associação de Praticantes de Avaliação Ambiental da África do Sul (EAPASA) como única autoridade de registro nos termos da Seção 24H da Lei Nacional de Gestão Ambiental (NEMA) por um período de cinco anos. anos, com vigência a partir de 08 de fevereiro de 2018.
12 de fevereiro de 2018 - O Departamento de Assuntos Ambientais dará as boas-vindas à SA Agulhas II, quando retornar da Antártica na terça-feira, 13 de fevereiro de 2018, no East Pier Quay, V & A Waterfront Cape Town. A bordo do navio estará a equipe de expedição do SANAE 56, a equipe de apoio do DEA.
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Cronologia 20 anos de democracia de 1994 a 2014.
27 de abril, a constituição interina da África do Sul que foi adotada em novembro de 1993 entrou em vigor em 27 de abril de 1994 para administrar as primeiras eleições democráticas da África do Sul e mudou o país para a construção de uma nova ordem política, social e econômica.
27 de abril, A bandeira nacional foi projetada por um ex-Arauto do Estado da África do Sul, o Sr. Fred Brownell, e foi usada pela primeira vez pela primeira vez durante as eleições de 1994.
27 de abril, primeiro, eleições não-raciais e democráticas realizadas na África do Sul. No entanto, pessoas idosas e pessoas que são fisicamente desafiadas votaram no dia 26 de abril.
28 de abril, após numerosas reclamações sobre arranjos pobres em algumas assembleias de voto, o Presidente de Klerk aprova uma recomendação da Comissão Eleitoral Independente (CEI) para prolongar por um dia a votação em áreas atormentadas por problemas de votação. Estes incluem KwaZulu, Venda, Gazankulu, Lebowa, Transkei e Ciskei.
2 de maio, a Comissão Eleitoral Independente divulga os resultados provisórios das eleições nacionais com o Congresso Nacional Africano (ANC) no topo da lista com 54 por cento, enquanto o Partido Nacional (NP) seguido com 33 por cento eo Partido da Liberdade Inkatha (IFP) com 4,5 por cento.
Em 3 de maio, a África do Sul retoma sua plena participação na Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS).
6 de maio, resultados finais das eleições anunciados pelo presidente da Comissão Eleitoral Independente, o juiz Johan Kriegler. O Congresso Nacional Africano (ANC), liderado por Nelson Mandela, que captura 252 dos 400 assentos na Assembléia Nacional, mas fica aquém da maioria de dois terços necessária para efetuar uma mudança constitucional unilateral. O Partido Nacional (NP) do governo de F. W de Klerk ficou em segundo lugar com 82 assentos, à frente do Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) liderado pelo chefe Mangosuthu Buthelezi, com 43 assentos.
9 de maio de 1994, Nelson Mandela foi eleito por unanimidade presidente pela Assembléia Nacional, com Thabo Mbeki, vice-líder do ANC e F. W. de Klerk como vice-presidentes.
10 de maio, Nelson Mandela é inaugurado como o primeiro presidente democrático da África do Sul. Thabo Mbeki (ANC) e FW de Klerk (NP) foram empossados como Vice-Presidentes Executivos de acordo com uma provisão na Constituição que dá direito a todos os partidos que detêm pelo menos 20% dos assentos para designar um Vice-Presidente Executivo dentre os membros da Assembleia Nacional. .
11 de maio, um governo de coalizão de unidade nacional (GNU) é anunciado. Associação ministerial do Gabinete (18 carteiras ANC, seis para o NP e três para o IFP) com base na disposição de que cada parte que conquiste pelo menos 5% dos votos nacionais teria direito a uma ou mais carteiras do Gabinete, proporcionalmente à número de assentos que possui.
Em 24 de maio, Cirilo Ramaphosa, secretário-geral do ANC, elegeu o presidente da Assembléia Constituinte que redigirá uma nova constituição para o país dentro de dois anos.
24 de maio, Nelson Mandela faz o primeiro discurso do Estado da Nação perante o parlamento democraticamente eleito.
Em 25 de maio, o Conselho de Segurança adotou uma resolução suspendendo o Embargo de Armas de 1977 e outras medidas restritivas contra a África do Sul, removendo assim as sanções remanescentes das Nações Unidas contra a África do Sul. Resolução 919 (1994)
31 de maio, o Secretário-Geral da Commonwealth, Chefe Emeka Anyaouku em uma conferência de imprensa na sede da Commonwealth em Londres, informa a mídia que a partir de 01 de junho de 1994, a África do Sul iria retomar a sua adesão à Commonwealth.
12 de dezembro, a África do Sul voltou a ser admitida na UNESCO. Foi forçado a sair da organização em 1956 por causa de sua política de apartheid.
14 de fevereiro, o Tribunal Constitucional é formalmente aberto pelo Presidente Nelson Mandela.
15 de fevereiro, o Presidente Nelson Mandela anuncia que não será reeleito em 1999.
1 de Março, A Comissão de Restituição dos Direitos da Terra é constituída para ajudar os requerentes a apresentar as suas reivindicações de terras, e aconselhar os requerentes sobre o progresso das suas reivindicações de terras.
27 de março, Winnie Mandela, vice-ministra de Artes, Cultura, Ciência e Tecnologia, é demitida de seu cargo.
14 de abril, Winnie Mandela se demite como vice-ministra de Artes, Cultura, Ciência e Tecnologia, horas antes de sua segunda demissão oficial.
25 de maio a 24 de junho, a Copa do Mundo de Rugby é realizada na África do Sul; Pela primeira vez, todas as partidas seriam jogadas em um país. A África do Sul participa do torneio pela primeira vez, após o final de seu boicote esportivo internacional devido ao regime do apartheid. A África do Sul vence o torneio, derrotando a Nova Zelândia por 15 a 12 na final em Ellis Park.
28 de junho, as mudanças de nome para três das nove províncias da África do Sul são anunciadas: Pretoria Witwatersrand e Vereeniging se tornam Gauteng; O Estado Livre de Orange torna-se o Estado Livre e o Norte da Transvaal torna-se a Província do Norte.
Julho, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC), é estabelecida pelo novo governo sul-africano em 1995 sob a Lei 34 da Emenda da Reconciliação e Unidade Nacional de 1995 para ajudar a curar o país e trazer uma reconciliação de seu povo descobrindo a verdade sobre as violações dos direitos humanos que ocorreram durante o apartheid. O Arcebispo Desmond Tutu foi nomeado Presidente da Comissão pelo Presidente Nelson Mandela, com Alex Boraine como seu vice. Em 16 de dezembro de 1995, a Comissão começou seu trabalho com vítimas testemunhando em audiências públicas e perpetradores. para anistia.
4 de Outubro, Lei de Alteração de Identificação nº 47: Emendou a Lei de Identificação de 1986 de modo a revogar certas disposições obsoletas e ordenou, com efeito retroactivo, que fosse compilado e mantido um novo registo populacional. Iniciado em 4 de outubro de 1995.
Em outubro, o Escritório do Protetor Público é estabelecido, nos termos do Capítulo Nove da Constituição Sul-Africana de 1996, como um de um conjunto de instituições para fortalecer a democracia constitucional da República. Antes do advento da África do Sul para a democracia, o escritório era anteriormente conhecido como o Gabinete do Provedor de Justiça, que foi criado em 22 de novembro de 1991.
10 de novembro, os resultados das eleições de governo locais nacionais publicam-se: 51,37% participaram, 5,3 milhões de pessoas em total. O Congresso Nacional Africano é o vencedor global, garantindo 66,37% dos votos expressos. A votação teve lugar em algumas partes do Cabo Ocidental, mas não nas áreas metropolitanas e em algumas áreas rurais da província, devido ao atraso na demarcação dos limites eleitorais. A votação na província de Kwazulu Natal também foi adiada devido à contínua violência na região.
13 de janeiro - 3 de fevereiro, a África do Sul recebe o torneio da Copa das Nações Africanas, no futebol, substituindo os anfitriões originais do Quênia. Foi a equipe nacional, a segunda aparição de Bafana Bafana no torneio. Eles haviam sido desbanidos apenas quatro anos antes do torneio e geralmente eram considerados os azarões. Bafana Bafana venceu ao derrotar a Tunísia por 2-0.
2 de fevereiro, o Partido Nacional lança um & # 39; valores fundamentais & # 39; documento em Pretória. No mesmo dia, é relatado que o Ministro dos Assuntos Provinciais e do Desenvolvimento Constitucional, Roelf Meyer, renunciará ao seu posto de gabinete em 1 de Março de 1996, tornando-se o Secretário-Geral da “renovação”. Partido Nacional. Seu líder, F. W. de Klerk, confirma que, embora não esteja buscando alianças formais, tem mantido discussões com vários partidos opostos ao Congresso Nacional Africano (ANC).
19 de março, o casamento de treze anos do Presidente Nelson Mandela com Winnie Mandela é formalmente encerrado quando um juiz da Suprema Corte Rand dá seu pedido de divórcio com base em um colapso irreversível.
21 de março, o Parlamento estabelece a Comissão de Direitos Humanos para promover e proteger os direitos humanos. Tem o poder de investigar violações e aconselhar o governo sobre a implementação dos direitos humanos. Dr. Barney Pityana é nomeado presidente. Os membros incluem o Dr. Max Coleman, Helen Suzman e Brigalia Bam.
28 de março, o presidente Nelson Mandela anuncia importantes mudanças no governo da unidade nacional. O ministro das Finanças, Chris Liebenberg, cuja renúncia entra em vigor em 4 de abril de 1996, é substituído por Trevor Manuel, até então ministro do Comércio e Indústria e Turismo; Pallo Jordan, Ministro dos Correios e Telecomunicações, é demitido e substituído por Jay Naidoo, ex-ministro encarregado do Programa de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento.
Em 15 de abril, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC), sob a presidência do Arcebispo Desmond Tutu, inicia suas primeiras audiências formais na Prefeitura de East London. A TRC foi criada para ajudar a lidar com violações dos direitos humanos durante a era do apartheid.
3 de abril Cinco membros do Movimento de Resistência Afrikaner (AWB) são sentenciados a vinte e seis anos de prisão cada um por sua participação em uma campanha de bombardeio em que vinte pessoas foram mortas e centenas ficaram feridas, com o objetivo de interromper as eleições de 1994.
Em 13 de abril, Cyril Ramaphosa, Secretário-Geral do Congresso Nacional Africano e presidente da Assembléia Constituinte, anuncia sua intenção de renunciar ao Parlamento uma vez que a Constituição final seja acordada. Ele se tornará vice-presidente executivo da New Africa Investment Ltd. (NAIL).
15 de abril, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação realiza sua sessão de abertura no leste de Londres. São expressas reservas sobre o direito constitucional da Comissão de conceder anistia aos assassinos políticos pelas famílias dos ativistas anti-apartheid. Grupos legais também argumentam que a evidência de crimes deve ser ouvida em um tribunal de justiça.
8 de maio, A nova Constituição é finalmente aprovada pela Assembléia Constituinte de 490 membros: 421 votos a favor, dois contra, a Frente da Liberdade (FF) se abstém, o Partido da Liberdade Inkatha não comparece à sessão, nove votos não são registrados . O coração da constituição é uma Declaração de Direitos listando a liberdade fundamental.
14 de junho, o ministro das Finanças, Trevor Manuel, revela a estratégia macroeconômica do governo em um documento-quadro intitulado Crescimento, emprego e redistribuição (GEAR).
9 de maio, o Segundo Presidente Executivo F. W. de Klerk anuncia que o NP se retirará do Governo da Unidade Nacional no final de junho de 1996 e entrará em oposição formal. Diz-se que esta decisão é ocasionada por divergências sobre a própria constituição e a crescente crise financeira resultante do colapso do Rand.
30 de junho, o Partido Nacional deixa o governo de unidade nacional dirigido por Nelson Mandelato tornou-se a Oposição Oficial, sua primeira vez fora do governo desde 1948. O partido procurou reformular sua imagem mudando seu nome para o Novo Partido Nacional (NNP) em Dezembro de 1998.
2 de julho, os resultados das eleições do governo local em Kwazulu-Natal são divulgados e indicam que o Partido da Liberdade do Inkatha entrevistou 44,50 por cento dos votos, o Congresso Nacional Africano 33,22 por cento. Os resultados do Ward dão aos assentos do Inkatha 562, ao Congresso Nacional Africano 512 e ao Partido Nacional 187. O Congresso Nacional Africano ganha o controle de todos os treze conselhos metropolitanos da província, com um orçamento anual combinado de R $ 5 bilhões. O governo toma o controle da maioria dos conselhos rurais, mas a alocação orçamentária é inferior a R $ 100 milhões.
No dia 7 de julho, em uma transmissão televisiva, o presidente Nelson Mandela confirma que ele não se candidatará à reeleição em 1999 e apoia o vice-presidente Thabo Mbeki como seu sucessor.
26 de julho, Bantu Holomisa é demitido como vice-ministro de Meio Ambiente e Turismo. Suas responsabilidades são atribuídas ao ex-líder da Liga Juvenil do ANC, Peter Mokaba, e é anunciado que ele enfrentará acusações internas disciplinares do ANC.
30 de agosto, Bantu Holomisa é expulso do ANC após uma audiência disciplinar. Ele foi expulso do CNA depois de testemunhar a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC) sobre atividades irregulares no Transkei. Ele se recusou a retratar seu testemunho, argumentando que o que ele havia dito era de conhecimento histórico para todos os envolvidos.
11 de outubro, A nova Constituição da República da África do Sul é adotada pela Assembléia Constituinte como a Lei 108 de 1996. Ela entrará em vigor em 4 de fevereiro de 1997.
17 de outubro, a Comissão Eleitoral Independente (CEI), uma organização independente prevista no capítulo nove da Constituição é estabelecida. Antes da sua criação, uma Comissão Eleitoral temporária foi criada em 1993, de acordo com a Constituição Provisória de 1993, para administrar a primeira eleição não racial das legislaturas nacional e provincial, realizada em 29 de abril de 1994.
31 de outubro, A Assembléia Nacional aprova a legislação que prevê o aborto sob demanda nas primeiras doze semanas de gravidez e para que as interrupções sejam permitidas sob condições especificadas até a vigésima semana de gravidez. As mudanças são opostas por grupos religiosos cristãos e muçulmanos.
Outubro, o primeiro censo na era pós-apartheid é realizado em 1996. Os resultados indicam que a África do Sul tem uma população de 43 milhões de pessoas, 22 milhões das quais são mulheres.
4 de novembro, Premier Provincial do Estado Livre Patrick & # 39; Terror & # 39; Lekota e todo o Comitê Executivo Provincial concordam em renunciar após alegações de corrupção e nepotismo. Em 20 de novembro de 1996, o vice-presidente Thabo Mbeki endossa Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri como sucessora de Lekota.
No dia 13 de dezembro, o Presidente Nelson Mandela estende tanto a data-limite para pedidos de anistia quanto o prazo para solicitações à Comissão de Verdade e Reconciliação. A anistia pode agora ser solicitada para crimes políticos realizados até 10 de maio de 1994, data de sua posse como presidente. As candidaturas ao TRC são adiadas para 10 de maio de 1997.
10 de dezembro, dois anos após a primeira eleição democrática (1994), o Presidente da República da África do Sul, Nelson Mandela, assina a redação final da Constituição em Laweville, Vereeniging. A constituição final contém uma Declaração de Direitos, modelada em o capítulo sobre direitos fundamentais na constituição provisória.
Em 1º de janeiro, o Museu da Ilha Robben foi inaugurado oficialmente em 1997. Dois anos depois, é declarado Patrimônio da Humanidade pela UNESCO.
17 de janeiro, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação (TRC) ouve que o general George Meiring está implicado com mais de sessenta oficiais e soldados em truques sujos & # 39; incluindo o assassinato patrocinado pelo Estado. Também sugere que o ex-presidente F. W. de Klerk se recusou a investigar acusações contra o general Meiring e dois outros generais, apesar da comissão de inquérito de Steyn.
28 de janeiro, a Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação confirma os relatórios de jornal que cinco ex-policiais de segurança confessaram o assassinato do líder da Consciência Negra em 1977, Steve Biko, e fizeram uma aplicação formal de anistia.
4 de fevereiro, a Constituição da República da África do Sul entra em vigor. A semana de 17 a 21 de março é denominada Semana Nacional de Constituição: mais de sete milhões de exemplares da Constituição são distribuídos em todos os 11 idiomas.
17 de março, Allan Boesak aparece em um tribunal da Cidade do Cabo para enfrentar nove acusações de fraude e vinte e uma acusações de roubo envolvendo mais de US $ 800.000 - a maior parte doada à Fundação para Paz e Justiça por organizações de ajuda dinamarquesas e suecas. O caso é adiado até 4 de agosto de 1997.
1 de abril, a segunda maior federação de trabalhadores da África do Sul é oficialmente lançada após a fusão da Federação dos Sindicatos Sul-Africanos e da Federação de Organizações que Representam Funcionários Civis. A nova Federação de Sindicatos da África do Sul (FEDUSA) tem 25 sindicatos afiliados e reivindica uma adesão de 515.000.
Em 26 de abril, Winnie Mandela, ex-esposa do presidente Nelson Mandela, é reeleita como presidente da Liga Feminina ANC por 656 votos a favor e 114 para seu vice, Thandi Modise. Sua vitória reflete o nível de apoio de base que ela continua a desfrutar.
23 de abril, Eugene Terre Blanche, líder do Afrikaner Weerstands Beweging (AWB) foi condenado em duas acusações, por tentativa de homicídio e agressão em um tribunal de Potchefstroom e condenado a seis anos de prisão. Esta sentença foi proferida pelo ataque brutal de um dos seus trabalhadores, o Sr. Paul Motshabi, a quem ele bateu na cabeça e no pescoço em Março de 1996.
11 de maio, cerca de 8.000 pessoas entraram com pedido de anistia para cumprir o prazo do TRC para a investigação de crimes da era do apartheid.
26 de agosto, o ex-presidente F. W. de Klerk anuncia sua aposentadoria da política e seu papel de liderança no Novo Partido Nacional.
10 de outubro, Uma versão encurtada e combinada de Nkosi Sikelel & # 39; iAfrika e The Call of South Africa torna-se o hino nacional da África do Sul nos termos da Seção 4 da Constituição da África do Sul, 1996 (Lei 108 de 1996), após uma proclamação no Diário do Governo nº 18341.
16 de dezembro, o presidente Nelson Mandela deixa de lado como líder do Congresso Nacional Africano e é sucedido pelo vice-presidente Thabo Mbeki.
20 de dezembro, o presidente Nelson Mandela renuncia ao cargo de líder do Congresso Nacional Africano da África do Sul.
Janeiro, seis policiais brancos fazem uma fita de vídeo mostrando um "exercício de treinamento" onde eles incitaram seus cães para atacar três homens negros e espancaram as vítimas se tentassem se proteger. Os policiais foram presos em 2000 sob acusações de tentativa de homicídio. 4 oficiais se declararam culpados em 2001.
7 de janeiro, o procurador geral anuncia que o ex-presidente Pieter Botha seria processado por se recusar a comparecer perante a Comissão da Verdade e por impedir seu trabalho.
Em 11 de abril, Nicholas Steyn (42), um agricultor branco, atirou em Francina Diamina (11) e sua prima de seis meses, Angelina, por invasão. O bebê é atingido na cabeça e morto e Francina é ferida nas costas. Steyn foi condenado por homicídio culposo em 1999. Steyn recebeu uma sentença suspensa em 1999 e foi libertado.
29 de abril, o presidente Nelson Mandela nomeia Siphiwe Nyanda como o primeiro negro a dirigir a Força de Defesa Nacional da África do Sul.
8 de maio, o Conselho Nacional de Esportes pede ao mundo que boicote o Rugby Sul-Africano em uma ação para pressionar pela renúncia de Luís Luyt, presidente da liga, a práticas racistas e corruptas.
10 de maio, Louis Luyt anuncia sua renúncia como o presidente do Sul Africano Rugby Football Assoc.
Em 18 de julho, o Presidente da África do Sul, Nelson Mandela, completou 80 anos casando-se com Graca Machel, viúva de um presidente moçambicano e líder da libertação negra, Samora Machel.
31 de julho, A Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação fecha após dois anos de audiências. Um relatório é devido em outubro. 1998.
21 de agosto, o ex-presidente P. W. Botha (82) é condenado por ignorar uma intimação para testemunhar sobre as atrocidades do apartheid na frente da Comissão da Verdade e Reconciliação. Ele é multado em US $ 1.577 e recebe uma pena suspensa de 1 ano de prisão.
Setembro, o alto funcionário do Ministério de Relações Exteriores da África do Sul, Robert McBride, é preso sob suspeita de porte de armas na vizinha Moçambique e mantido por seis meses antes de ser libertado.
29 de outubro, depois de quase três anos de trabalho, a Comissão de Verdade e Reconciliação da África do Sul (TRC) entrega seu relatório final de 3.500 páginas ao Presidente Nelson Mandela. Ele se baseia em anos de testemunho das pessoas que dirigiram a campanha de 1960-1994. governo e suas vítimas.
16 de fevereiro, os quatro policiais acusados do espancamento fatal de Steve Biko são anistiados.
03 de março, o presidente Nelson Mandela anuncia 2 de junho como a data para a segunda eleição democrática da África do Sul, uma votação que marcará sua aposentadoria do cargo.
17 de março, Allan Boesak (53 anos), um importante ativista anti-apartheid, é condenado por roubar dinheiro de doadores estrangeiros destinados à Fundação pela Paz e Justiça. Mais tarde, ele foi condenado a seis anos de prisão por roubo e fraude.
25 de março, Wouter Basson, o ex-chefe de guerra química e biológica conhecido como Project Coast apelidado de "Doctor Death", foi indiciado em 64 acusações que incluíam assassinato, roubo e fraude. O Projecto Coast, sob a divisão do Serviço Médico Sul-Africano (SAMS) da Força de Defesa da África do Sul, foi um programa ultra-secreto de armas químicas e biológicas (CBW) instituído pelo governo sul-africano durante a era do apartheid. Conspiracy charges for offences in Namibia, Swaziland, Mozambique and Britain are later dismissed, with 61 charges remained. Basson was acquitted of 46 counts of murder, fraud and drug dealing in 2002.
May, President Nelson Mandela hands the Schmidtsdrift San communities almost 13,000 hectares of farmland, including Platfontein, near Kimberley. The Schmidtsdrift San are members of the! Xun and! Khwe tribes who were employed by the former SA Defence Force in its war against the South West African People's Organisation (Swapo) during the eighties.
14 May, In South Africa the ruling African National Congress signs a peace pact with the arch-rival Inkatha Freedom Party.
2 June, Millions of voters turn out for the national elections. The ANC achieves victory with 62.2% support after half the votes were counted. The final count shows a 65.7% win. The ANC won 266 seats, one seat short of a two-third majority.
15 June, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission grants amnesty to Eugene Terre’Blanche after he makes a full disclosure for his apartheid-era crimes.
16 June, Thabo Mbeki is sworn in as South Africa's second post-apartheid president succeeding former President Nelson Mandela at the Union Buildings. Mbeki appoints Jacob Zuma, who was the chairperson of the ANC, as deputy president.
8 August, The former minister of labour, Tito Mboweni, is appointed governor of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) to replace Dr Chris Stals. Mboweni, the first Black person to head this highly reputed institution, is inaugurated at Gallagher Estate, Midrand, on 7 August 1999. He first joined the South African Reserve Bank as an advisor to Stals in 1998, when he resigned all of his elected and appointed positions in the ANC.
1 September, President Thabo Mbeki launches the Directorate of Special Operations (DSO), better known as the Scorpions, a Business Unit of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA). In terms of the National Prosecuting Authority Act, 1998 (Act No. 32 of 1998), the DSO is a distinct and autonomous directorate. It works closely with other units including the Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU) and the South African Police Service (SAPS).
September, South African government signs a deal with Saab for 26 JAS Gripen fighter jets for 1.6 billion euros. The deal was later trimmed to 26 planes. Allegations of fraud later arose after Saab disclosed that bribes had been paid in the form of bonuses and salaries between 2003 and 2005 by its South African subsidiary Sanip, which was then controlled by BAE Systems.
December, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park is inscribed as South Africa’s first world heritage site as an area of exceptional and outstanding universal heritage significance. The natural values in terms of which the iSimangaliso Wetland Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List include outstanding examples of ecological processes, superlative natural phenomena and scenic beauty, and exceptional biodiversity and threatened species. It has since been joined by other sites, namely: Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa, Robben Island, Maloti-Drakensberg Park, Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Vredefort Dome, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape.
January, the partnership is formalized by South African National Aids Council (SANAC) to review its two years of work against HIV/AIDS being under the leadership of Deputy President Jacob Zuma.
27 April, The Coat of Arms of South Africa is introduced on Freedom Day. The motto! ke e: /xarra //keis written in the Khoisan language of the /Xam people and translates literally to "diverse people unite". A new coat of arms, replaces one that has served South Africa since 17 September 1910. The change reflects Government's aim to highlight the democratic change in South Africa and a new sense of patriotism.
9 - 14 July, The 13th International AIDS Conference held in Durban presents an important opportunity to focus on HIV/AIDS in the developing world, as South Africa was the first developing country to host the Conference. President Thabo Mbeki opened the conference and insisted that poverty was a greater enemy than the AIDS virus. Hundreds of delegates walked out.
July, Nkosi Johnson (10), a victim of AIDS, speaks to international delegates during the The 13th International AIDS Conference held in Durban and implores South Africa to provide HIV-positive pregnant women with anti-retroviral drugs to block transmission of the virus to children at birth. Johnson died on the 1st of June 2001 at age 12.
1 December, on World AIDS Day the South African government agrees to accept a $50 million donation of the drug fluconazole from Pfizer to treat a brain inflammation associated with AIDS. Recent approval is also given for nevirapine, a drug to reduce transmission of the AIDS virus to a fetus.
5 December, 7 people are killed at 2 polling stations during the second all-race municipal elections. The elections slashed the number of municipalities from 843 to 284 with 6 mega cities, each presided by a single mayor. The African National Congress (ANC) wins at least 59% of the contests.
18 March, the Department of Health declines the offer of a large donation of HIV test kits made by Guardian Scientific Africa Incorporated.
11 April, at least forty-three people are killed in a stampede at Ellis Park stadium, Johannesburg, at a football match between South Africa's two biggest teams, Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. Two hundred are also injured as people poured into a stadium that is already full to over capacity. Twenty-nine people dies inside the stadium and a further fourteen dies outside. Several children, including eleven year old Rosswinn Nation and thirteen year old Sphiwe Mpungose are under the fatalities.
April, 39 multi-national pharmaceutical companies halt a legal battle to stop South Africa importing generic Aids drugs. The decision is hailed as a victory for the world's poorest countries in their efforts to import cheaper drugs to combat the virus.
1 June, Nkosi Johnson (12), a victim of AIDS, dies. In 2000 he had spoken to international delegates and implored South Africa to provide HIV-positive pregnant women with anti-retroviral drugs to block transmission of the virus to children at birth.
June, Members of the Pan African Congress begins to collect three US dollars from people who occupied of vacant land in Bredell for legal and other support. The government arrests people for trespassing and lay much of the blame on the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), which had offered legal and other support to the people who occupied Bredell.
10 July, The South African government orders the demolition of shacks on the occupied land in Bredell. Between one to two thousand shacks are expected to be destroyed.
30 July, Catholic bishops in South Africa denounce condoms as "immoral and misguided" weapons against AIDS.
30 August, Govan Mbeki, the father of President Thabo Mbeki, dies at the age of 91. He authored the book "South Africa: The Peasant’s Revolt" while imprisoned on Robben Island.
21 November, The South African Government unveils World AIDS Day 2001 campaign, " I care enough to act, do you?" which is derived from the international theme " I care, do you?"
26 November, Joe Modise (72), former defence minister (1994-1999), dies. He helped to establish Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, and served as South Africa's first black Minister of Defence from 1994 to 1999.28 November, The South African Government and the South African Broadcasting Centre have a newly strengthened partnership in recognition of the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa.
4 December, Marike de Klerk (64), former wife of former President F. W. de Klerk, is found stabbed and strangled in her luxury apartment near Cape Town. On December 5th South African police arrested Luyanda Mboniswa (21), a security guard.
December 14, 2001 the High Court ruled in favour of Treatment Action Campaign and ordered the Minister of Health to make nevirapine available in all public hospitals and clinics where testing and counselling facilities existed. The High Court also ordered the Minister of Health to come up with a comprehensive programme to prevent or reduce MTCT and to submit reports to the court outlining that programme.
25 March, Pretoria High Court ruled that the government must provide the anti-AIDS drug nevirapine to all public hospitals with the capacity to use it.
11 April, Dr. Wouter Basson, a former head of the chemical and biological weapons program known as Project Coast is acquitted of 46 counts murder, fraud and drug dealing following a trial which took two and a half years.
25 April, Mark Shuttleworth becomes the first South African in space. He was a cosmonaut member of the crew of Russian’s Soyuz mission TM34 to the International Space Station. after a year of training in Star City, Russia. Shuttleworth spent eight days aboard the space station, where he conducted scientific experiments for South Africa. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-33 on 5 May 2002.
27 April, Steve Tshwete (64), security minister, died. He had been arrested in 1963 and sentenced to 15 years on Robben Island, where he spent time with Nelson Mandela.
1 June, the former South African Cricket Captain, Hansie Cronje (32), dies along with two pilots in a Hawker Siddeley 748 - 372 aircraft which crashes into the Outeniqua Mountains in the Southern Cape. Cronje was on his way home (Fancourt Estate) when he missed his scheduled flight at an Airport in Johannesburg on the evening of 31 May 2002.
16 June, The Hector Pieterson Museum opens on Maseko Street in Soweto. The museum is named after one of the first casualties of the march through Soweto on 16 June 1976, when police were ordered to shoot at a crowd of demonstrating students.
25 Jun, South Africa's parliament passed a landmark bill, the Minerals and Petroleum Resource Development Act, 2002 aimed at transforming the country's mining industry by giving the government control of mineral rights.
5 July, South Africa's constitutional court orders the provinces to scale up provision of nevirapine in public clinics and hospitals. The drugs help prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-Aids. Government argued the drug was too costly.
8 - 10 July, More than 30 African leaders gathered in Durban, South Africa to form the new African Union and to bid farewell to the Organisation of African Unity, a much-criticised regional body formed nearly four decades ago to usher the continent out of colonialism.
26 August - 4 September, The World Summit on Sustainable Development is successfully held in Johannesburg, Gauteng Province. It focuses the world's attention and direct action towards meeting difficult challenges, including improving people's lives and conserving natural resources in a world that is growing in population, with ever-increasing demands for food, water, shelter, sanitation, energy, health services and economic security. President Thabo Mbeki open the summit with a call for coordinated international action to fight poverty and protect the world's natural resources.
10 September, the Constitutional Court rules that gay couples have the right to adopt children and laws that prevent them from doing so violate their constitutional rights.
30 October, A series of bomb blasts rocks the township of Soweto, South of Johannesburg, killing one person, ripping a hole in a mosque and damaging several railway stations and rail lines running into the nearby city of Johannesburg. The Boeremag (Afrikaner Power) was believed responsible.
November, 52 governments had ratifies and adopt the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. Currently 74 governments, including the NGOs and the diamond industry are all committed and legally bound to the UN mandated process. Kimberley Process Certification Scheme is internationally recognized certification system for rough diamonds and establishing national import/export standards. This followed meetings that had begun in Kimberley, South Africa, in 2000. The scheme was fully implemented in August 2003.
9 February - 23 March, The 2003 International Cricket Council (ICC) Cricket World Cup was co-hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya. This edition of the World Cup was the first to be played on African soil. In the final, Australia made 359 runs for the loss of two wickets, the largest ever total in a final, defeating India by 125 runs.
21 March, The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) releases the last volumes of its final report. The Commission’s mandate was extended in 1998 to allow for the conclusion of the amnesty process. The Commission recommended that the government pay compensation totalling $348 million to more than 21,000 victims of apartheid-era abuses.
25 April, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela is sentenced to four years in prison for her conviction on fraud and theft charges. She is convicted of 43 counts of fraud and 25 of theft of money from a women's political league.
5 May, Walter Sisulu born in 1912, an anti-apartheid hero, passes away. He brought Nelson Mandela into the ANC and together with Oliver Tambo formed the ANC Youth League in 1944.
19 October, the South African Competitions Commission finds two giant pharmaceutical companies, GlaxoSmithKline South Africa and BoChringer-Ingelheim guilty of abusing their documented prices for their anti-retroviral drugs.
19 November, South African government approves the long-awaited provision of free antiretroviral drugs in public hospitals. The cabinet instructs the Department of Health to proceed with implementation of the plan, which envisaged that within a year there would be at least one service point in every health district across the country, and within five years, one service point in every local municipality.
9 January, President Thabo Mbeki signs the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act. It imposed a host of obligations on companies that wished to do business with the government.
14 April, South Africa holds its third democratic elections, marking a decade of democracy. A total of 20.6 million people registered to vote, making it 2 million more than the 1999 elections. Approximately 76% of the registered voters voted. The African National Congress (ANC) received 67.7% of the votes.
23 April, President Thabo Mbeki is elected unopposed for a second term. He pledges to fight poverty and improve opportunities for all South Africans after his party scored its biggest victory yet in a decade of multiracial democracy.
27 April, Thabo Mbeki is inaugurated for a second term as president of South Africa on the same day the country celebrates its 10th anniversary as a democratic state at the Union Buildings, Pretoria.
9 May, Brenda Fassie (39), South African singer and diva, dies in her sleep at Sunninghill Hospital. She dies after spending two weeks in a coma. Her death was reported to have been caused by cocaine.
15 May, the president of the Federation of International Football Association's (FIFA), Joseph "Sepp" Blatter, announced that South Africa would host the 2010 Soccer World Cup. The announcement was made in Zurich, where South Africa was represented by a delegation that included Nelson Mandela and Head of the Local Organizing Committee, Danny Jordan.
31 May, ousted Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide and his family receives a diplomatic welcome from South Africa, his new home in exile.
24 August, Mark Thatcher, the son of former British PM Margaret Thatcher, is arrested in Cape Town and charged with helping to finance a failed coup attempt in oil rich Equatorial Guinea. Thatcher was later fined three million rand and received a four-year suspended jail sentence.
7 November, South African athlete Hendrik Ramaala of wins the New York City (USA) Marathon in a time of 2:09:28; Paula Radcliffe wins the women's title in 2:23:10.
6 January, former President Nelson Mandela announces that his son, Makgatho Mandela, had died of illness related to AIDS.
7 March, the municipal council in Pretoria vote to rename the capital to Tshwane. The South Africa Geographical Names Council approved this change of name on the 26 May 2005.
11 March, President Thabo Mbeki nominates Pius Langa to become chief justice after incumbent Chief Justice Arthur Chaskalson retires in May 2005. Pius Langa became the first black justice to hold the office.
9 April, In South Africa the federal council of the New National Party, the successor to the National Party, overwhelmingly approves the party's dissolution at a meeting in Johannesburg.
26 May, South Africa Geographical Names Council responsible for names of towns and cities approves plans to rename the capital of Pretoria as Tshwane.
2 June, Schabir Shaik is convicted by retired Judge Hilary Squires at the Durban High Court on two counts of corruption and one of fraud relating to bribes he allegedly paid to influence Zuma in order to win government contracts for Shaik’s company, Nkobi Holdings. In his verdict Judge Squires announced that there was a corrupt relationship between Shaik and Zuma. Shaik served two years and four months of his fifteen year sentence before he was freed in 2009, allegedly on medical grounds.
10 June, Pius Langa (66), a former shirt factory worker is appointed South Africa’s Chief Justice's, marking the appointment of the first black South African to head a court system assailed by allegations of racism.
14 June, President Thabo Mbeki dismisses his deputy Jacob Zuma, after he was implicated in a corruption scandal, throwing wide open the question of who will become the next leader of South Africa. Mbeki appoints Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, his minister for minerals and energy, to replace Zuma.
27 September, Brett Kebble (41), a mining entrepreneur and cultural philanthropist, who has links with the African National Congress is found shot to death in Johannesburg. Jackie Selebi, South Africa’s chief of police, later admitted to being a friend to a confessed drug trafficker Glen Agliotti. Glen Agliotti was implicated in the murder. In 2010 a judge dropped murder charges against Agliotti.
30 September, Mark Scott-Crossley, a white farmer convicted in the murder of one of his former black workers, is sentenced to life in prison. Co-defendant Simon Mathebula is sentenced to 15 years. On 31 January 2004, Nelson Chisale (41), who had been fired two months earlier for apparently running a personal errand during work hours, was beaten with machetes, tied up, driven to a nearby lion reserve, and thrown over the fence.
4 November, South Africa's former deputy president Jacob Zuma is indicted on a corruption charges in a scandal involving his financial adviser Schabir Shaik and two French arms companies.
10 November, The Southern African Large Telescope (Salt) in Sutherland, the largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere, is inaugurated by the President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki. SALT can gather more than 25 times as much light as any existing telescope in Africa, enabling it to detect a candle flame as far away as the moon. It is a 10-metre class optical telescope designed mainly for spectroscopy located close to the town of Sutherland in the semi-desert region of the Karoo, South Africa.
1 December, the Constitutional Court in South Africa rules it is unconstitutional to prevent gay people from marrying, paving the way for the country to become the first to legalize same-sex unions on a continent where homosexuality remains largely taboo.
December 6, former-deputy President Jacob Zuma is formally charged with rape, after a woman, who slept for a night at his residence, files charges with the police.
7 December, the African National Congress accepts the withdrawal of Jacob Zuma, its popular deputy president from leadership duties for the duration of his rape trial.
4 February, Zoliswa Nkonyana (19), a lesbian, is stoned, kicked and stabbed to death just meters from her Cape Town home. In 2011 four men were convicted of her murder. On Feb 1, 2012, the 4 men were sentenced to 18 years in prison.
12 February, South Africa Holds the 2-day summit in Hammanskraal which is the 7th meeting of center-left leaders since the Progressive Governance Network was created in 1999 by Blair and former US president Bill Clinton. British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and 5 other leaders pledges to push for a new global trade deal that will help poor countries.
4 March, after the Local Government elections on the 1st March 2006, the African National Congress (ANC) wins the majority of seats nationwide, with 66.3% of the vote while the Democratic Alliance (DA) takes 14.8% of the votes nationwide. Inkatha Freedom Party took 8.1% of the vote while the new party the Independent Democrats toakes 2.0.May 8, the court finds Jacob Zuma not guilty of rape, agreeing with Zuma that the sexual act in question was consensual paving his way to become the ANC president at the Polokwane Conference in 2007.Judge van der Merwe lambasted the accuser for lying to the court.
24 August, South Africa's cabinet gives the green light for a bill allowing gay marriages, which would make it the first country in Africa and fifth country in the world to accord homosexual couples the same rights as their straight counterparts to allow legal marriages between same-sex couples with the promulgation of the Civil Unions Act. On 30 November 2006, South Africa legalises same sex marriages.
31 October, Former South Africa prime minister and later State President from 1978 to 1989, Pieter Willem Botha, dies peacefully at the age of 90 at his house Die Anker near Wilderness in the Western Cape. He was found dead in bed. In the 1980s he had resisted pressure to release Nelson Mandela from prison.
30 November, South Africa’s parliament approves new legislation recognising gay marriages. South Africa becomes the first country in Africa, and only the fifth in the world, to legalise same sex marriages.
2 January, South Africa officially assumes its seat as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council following elections held on 16 October 2006 in the United Nations General Assembly. South Africa is selected for the first time as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for the period 2007/08.
2 January, Oprah Winfrey opens a school for disadvantaged girls south of Johannesburg, fulfilling a promise she made to former President Nelson Mandela six years ago and giving more than 150 students a chance for a better future.
2 January, Marais Viljoen (91), former president of South Africa (1979-1984), passes away. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices in an executive presidency.
13 April, Health Ministers from various African countries meeting in South Africa adopts a health strategy to deal with the host of diseases on the continent, a dearth of health workers and failing health systems.
6 May, Helen Zille, mayor of Cape Town, was elects as leader of the Democratic Alliance (DA) after former party leader Tony Leon stepped down.
10 May, South Africa's common law was rewritten to classify forced anal sex with a woman or girl, previously considered indecent assault, as rape. The statute called Sexual Offences Act was passed in December 2007. In common law, rape was defined by a male having unlawful and intentional sexual intercourse with a female without her consent. Sexual intercourse was defined exclusively as the penetration of the female sexual organs by the male.
14 May, deputies and experts attend the Pan African Parliament in South Africa called for Western countries to help reverse the environmental damage to the continent. African Union Commission’s rural development and agriculture commission director Babagana Ahmadu present a report on the issue to the Pan African Parliament (PAP) in Midrand.
22 May, the Sexual Offences Amendment Bill, which is still under consideration, defines rape as any sexual penetration, including of the anus or mouth, without consent - irrespective of the victim or perpetrator's gender. The legislation was finally passed in December 2007.
8 August, President Thabo Mbeki dismisses Deputy Health Minister Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge following reports that she had gone to Spain to attend an AIDS conference without his permission.
17 August 2007, Former law and order minister Adriaan Vlok and former police chief Johan van der Merwe, together with former Major-General Christoffel Smith and colonels Gert Otto and Johannes Van Staden, appear in the Pretoria High Court on charges of attempting to murder anti-apartheid activist Rev Frank Chikane, by poison in 1989. They receive suspended sentences after pleading guilty to the charges. 29 August, a statue of Nelson Mandela is unveiled outside the Parliament Square in London by Richard Attenborough, Ken Livingstone, Wendy Woods (the widow of Donald Woods) and Gordon Brown, honouring the South African anti-apartheid campaigner as one of the great leaders of his era.
5 October, South African National Prosecuting Authority reveals it had obtained an arrest warrant for the South National Police Commissioner and Interpol President Jackie Selebi in charges related to his dealings with Glen Agliotti who has been charged with murder of Brett Kebble.
18 October, South African reggae star Lucky Dube (43) is shot and killed in an apparent carjacking attempt in Johannesburg's southern Rosettenville suburb.
20 October, The Rugby World Cup which began on 7 September hosted by France, with matches also being played in Wales and Scotland is won by South Africa after beating England 15-6 at State de France, Saint-Denis. South Africa becomes the second country to win the World Cup twice.
21October, police arrests five men in connection with the killing of Lucky Dube and subsequently the men were sentenced to life in prison for the botched carjacking and murder in 2009.
17 November, the G-20 summit begin talks in South Africa focusing on reforming the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
18 December, African National Congress delegates cast their votes for party leader. Jacob Zuma defeats President Thabo Mbeki by 2,329 votes to 1,505 at the party convention and moves into position to become president in 2009.
28 December, the National Prosecuting Authority serves Jacob Zuma an indictment to stand trial in the High Court on various counts of racketeering, money laundering, corruption and fraud.
21 December, The Freedom Park opens the doors of two of its elements, namely Isivivane and S'khumbuto, to the nation. S'khumbuto bears testimony to the various conflicts that shaped present-day South Africa and remembers those who died during these struggles while Isivivane is the spiritual resting place of those who played a role in the freedom and liberation of South Africa. Freedom Park is a space where South Africans and visitors to the country can reflect on the past, and is an inspiration for the future. It is regarded as one of the most ambitious heritage projects the government has invested in; an attempt to encapsulate the heart and soul of South Africa in a physical space.
December, South Africa's Parliament passes the Astronomy Geographic Advantage Act, which declares the Northern Cape an "astronomy advantage area", giving the Minister of Science and Technology powers to protect the area from future radio interference.
12 January, South African National Police Commissioner Jackie Selebi is placed on extended leave, a day after the National ProsecutingAuthority announced plans to charge him with corruption over his links to a murder suspect.
13 January, South African National Police Commissioner Jackie Selebi resigns as president of Interpol and planned to fight corruption allegations. The indictment by the National Prosecuting Authority shows that between 2000 to 2005 Selebi received at least R1,2-million from Agliotti and his associates, including R30 000 from Agliotti a day or two after magnate Brett Kebble was killed.
May 11, a series of attacks against mainly foreign nationals starts in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg, Gauteng. This is rapidly followed by others within northern Johannesburg. The spread of xenophobic attacks escalates to settlements in Ekurhuleni and some parts of central Johannesburg, including Randfontein, western Gauteng. On 17 May, the spread of xenophobic attacks reached Durban, KwaZulu” Natal resulting in the displacement of some 2,000 foreign nationals. The Western Cape also experienced attacks against foreign nationals starting on 22 May 2008 in DuNoon. Within three weeks of violence 62 people including South Africans were killed.
12 May, The United States of America (USA) Supreme Court affirms a lower court ruling that multinational companies can be sued in a USA court for allegedly aiding and abetting the former apartheid government in South Africa.
7 July, The governor of the South African Reserve Bank Tito Mboweni announces that Five million bi-metallic coins featuring a smiling Nelson Mandela have already been minted and is to be released into circulation as part of Mandela’s official 90th birthday celebration on Friday, July 18.
15 August, South African authorities in Gauteng begins closing camps that have housed thousands of foreigners displaced by xenophobic violence, in a move that has drawn concern they could face more attacks when they return home.
15 August, South Africa's Constitutional Court has instructs officials in Gauteng province not to dismantle six temporary shelters housing foreigners forced to flee their homes by xenophobic violence, pending a ruling on the issue.
21 August, A statue of former President Nelson Mandela is unveiled at the Groot Drakenstein prison, where he spent a part of his imprisonment, in Paarl near Cape Town.
28 July, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, following approval by the General Assembly, appoints Navanethem (Navi) Pillay as the new High Commissioner for Human Rights. Judge Pillay's nomination came at the end of an extensive selection process, which included consultations with Member States and with the broad-based non-governmental organization community.
12 September, The Pietermaritzburg High Court Judge Chris Nicholson, holds, inter alia, that the corruption charges are unlawful on procedural grounds. President Thabo Mbekiapplied to the Constitutional court to appeal the Nicholson verdict which the NPA opposed. Jacob Zumaalso stated that he opposed Mbeki’s application.
21 September, Thabo Mbekihands his resignation letter to the former speaker of parliament Baleka Mbete and announces his resignation as President of South Africa on television nine months before his second term of office expired.
25 September, South Africa's parliament elects Kgalema Motlanthe, former trade unionist, freedom fighter and deputy leader of the ruling ANC, as interim president of a country when Mbeki leaves office.
23 October, South Africa’s National Assembly approves new legislation to disband the Scorpions investigating unit and incorporate it into the police force.
9 November, South African singer Miriam Makeba dies at the age of 76 after a 30 minute performance for Roberto Saviano in the Italian town of Caserta. Makeba's music transcended South African borders and entered the global stage.
16 December, The Congress of the People (COPE) is founded in Bloemfontein. It is a new South African political party formed by former members of the African National Congress (ANC) The party was founded by former ANC members Mosiuoa Lekota, Mbhazima Shilowa and Mluleki George to contest the 2009 general election.
1 January, Helen Suzman (91), South African anti-apartheid activist, dies peacefully in her home in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. She won international acclaim as one of the few white lawmakers to fight against the injustices of racist rule and nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize.
30 January, President Kgalema Motlanthe signed legislation that disbands the country's elite anti-crime investigating unit, known as the Scorpions. The unit known as Hawks becomes part of the standard police force.
6 April, The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) drops corruption charges against Jacob Zuma, saying the case had been manipulated for political reasons and clearing the way for him to become the next president without the looming threat of a trial.
22 April, South Africans votes on the fourth democratic general elections. The African National Congress took 65.9 percent of the nearly 18 million votes cast, failing to get its coveted two-thirds of the seats in the 400-member parliament. The Democratic Alliance (DA) won nearly 17% and 17 seats, while the new Congress of the People obtained 7% of the vote. The Inkatha Freedom Party got 5% of the vote winning 18 seats.
6 May, South Africa's parliament elects Jacob Zuma as the country's president. Zuma won 277 votes in the 400 member National Assembly.
9 May, Jacob Zuma is sworn in as president of the Republic of South Africa in Union Building in Pretoria.
18 July, former President Nelson Mandela’s 91st birthday, also marks the inaugural Mandela Day. After the success of the first Mandela Day, the United Nations adopts it as a day for global humanitarian action calling it “Nelson Mandela International Day”.
August, the construction of the MeerKAT Precursor Array (also known as KAT-7) begins on the Northern Cape. The 7-dish array was a precursor for MeerKAT which will consist of 64 dishes of 13.5 meters in diameter, the most powerful in the southern hemisphere.
1 December, President Jacob Zuma announces on World AIDS Day in Pretoria that all HIV-positive babies under the age of one will receive anti-retroviral drugs as part of a huge expansion of treatment.
12 December, Miss World 2009, the 59th edition of the Miss World pageant, is held at the Gallagher Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. Kaiane Aldorino from Gibraltar was crowned the new Miss World.112 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown, marking the biggest turnout in the pageant's history.
16 December, Dr Manto Tshabalala-Msimang (69) dies at the Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre and Medi-Clinic ICU. Her doctor, Professor Jeff Wing, announced that she died from complications related to her liver transplant in 2007.
30 December, last South African soldiers who are in Burundi from the African Union Special Task Force still operating in Burundi completed their mission and left the country to return to South Africa.
3 April, Eugene Terre’blanche (69), the leader of the right wing Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB), is attacked and killed by a 21-year-old man and a 15-year-old boy who worked for him on his farm outside Ventersdorp, about 110 km (68 miles) northwest of Johannesburg, following a dispute over pay. The alleged attackers were arrested and charged with murder.
8 April, the World Bank agrees to lend South Africa $3.75 billion to assist with several energy projects, with $3.05 billion allocated for completion of the Medupi Power Station. The approval of the World Bank loan draws criticism for supporting increased global emissions of greenhouse gases.
14 May, Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert (70), academic, political analyst and anti-apartheid activist in the apartheid-era Parliament, dies at his home in Johannesburg. The former South African legislator helped chart a way out of apartheid by leading fellow whites into talks with exiled black South African leaders.
11 June, The Soccer World Cup starts in a packed Soccer City stadium in Johannesburg with hosts South Africa taking on Mexico. Host nation South Africa got the continent's first World Cup off to a thrilling start by scoring the tournament's opening goal in a spirited 1-1 draw with Mexico. Approximately 85,000 spectators attended the match while millions watched on the screens all over the country.
22 June, despite a strong performance in beating France 2-1, the hosts, South Africa is knocked out of the competition at the group stage.
6 July, Basic Education Minister Angie Motshekga announces that pupils will have the option of learning in their mother language in their first three years of schooling. Children were currently taught either in English or Afrikaans, both languages inherited from the eras of colonialism and apartheid.
11 July, President Jacob Zuma address leaders from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Togo, Mozambique, the Netherlands and neighboring Zimbabwe at an Education Summit in Pretoria, before inviting them to join him at the World Cup final. The summit was the culmination of 1GOAL, a campaign supported by football's governing body FIFA to use the attention the World Cup commands to publicize the need to get more children into school.
11 July, the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final takes place at Soccer City stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the winner of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Spain is crowned the winner after defeating the Netherlands 1-0.
29 July, President Jacob Zuma announce that South Africa would stop recognizing half the nation's traditional kings and queens, dismissing them as artificial creations of the apartheid regime. Leaders of the six kingships not recognised areBatlokwa ba Mota: King Lekunutu Cavandish Mota, Free State; Bakwena baMopeli: King Thokwane Mopeli, Free State; AmaRharhabe: King Bangilizwe Maxhobayakhawuleza Sandile, Eastern Cape; Amampondo ase-Nyandeni: King Ndamase kaNdamase, Eastern Cape; Ndzundza Mabhoko : King Mbusi Mahlangu, Mpumalanga, and AbaThembu base-Rhode in the Eastern Cape.
3 August, Former National Police Commissioner Jackie Selebi (60) is sentenced to 15 years in prison on corruption related charges after he was found guilty on 03 July 2009 of receiving bribes to turn a blind eye to drug trafficking, making him one of one of the most senior officials to be convicted of corruption in the democratic era.
2 September, South Africa’s Home Affairs department announces the withdrawal of the April, 2009, special status granted to illegal Zimbabwean immigrants who fled their country's economic meltdown and political violence. The government intends to begin deportations after the 31st December 2010.
12 October, At the United Nations South Africa, Colombia, Germany, India and Portugal were elected to join the other powers on the UN Security Council for two years, starting in January.
24 December, South Africa is formally invited to become a member of BRICS, an acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies playing a key role in the world development platforms known as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
23 March, South Africa’s University of Johannesburg votes to sever ties with Israel's Ben-Gurion University, acting on calls from hundreds of South African academics and intellectuals for an academic boycott in a growing campaign to isolate Israel for its attacks on Palestinians in Gaza. It ends a 25-year relationship on April 1, but professors can continue to work individually with Ben-Gurion.
27 March, South Africa's government Communication department announce that the government is launching a newspaper to rectify media censorship of government information. Its bimonthly magazine will launch next month as a 20-page, free, monthly newspaper called Vuk'uzenzele, which means "Wake up and do it for yourself" in Zulu.
31 March, Crime Intelligence Head Richard Mdluli hands himself over to police and briefly appears in court after a warrant for his arrest in connection with the 1999 murder of Oupa Ramogibe is issued.
18 May, South Africa hold local government and municipal elections in 278 municipalities. With 57.6% voter turn-out, the biggest ever since 1994, the African National Congress won the highest number of seats and councils, 198 councils and 5 633 seats constituting 62% of the vote. The Democratic Alliance came second with 18 councils, 1 555 seats and 23.9%.
31 May, the South African Human Rights Commission finds South Africa's ambassador to Uganda, Jon Qwelane guilty of hate speech for an anti-gay column he wrote before his appointment. Jon Qwelane is ordered to apologize and pay a fine of R100,000 that the Human Rights Commission will donate to a gay rights organization.
June 2, African National Congress (ANC) stalwart, Albertina Sisulu, a to former ANC Secretary, Walter Sisulu’s wife passes away at her Linden home, Johannesburg at the age of 92.
18 July, Former South African General and Defence Minister Magnus Malan (81) dies at his homein Durbanville, Cape Town.
11 August, the government announces it has approved a National Health Insurance proposal aimed at overhauling dysfunctional public health facilities that serve more than 80 percent of the population. The National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme is to be piloted in 10 areas next year and rolled out nationally over 14 years.
2 August, the South African government agrees to a R2.5 billion loan to neighbouring Swaziland, just one quarter of the amount sought by King Mswati III to avoid his government's financial collapse.
9 September, a Pretoria regional magistrate sentences Robert McBride to two years imprisonment for driving under the influence of alcohol and an effective three years imprisonment for attempting to obstruct the course of justice.
12 September, The Equality Court convicts Julius Malema (30), of hate speech and in effect bans the singing of the song, "Shoot the Boer.” The court found he has no right to sing "Shoot the Boer," a song some whites find offensive. The next day the ANC said it would appeal the decision.
21 September, Crime Intelligence Head Richard Mdluli hands himself over to authorities and appears in the Commercial Crimes Court in Pretoria on fraud and corruption charges. It is alleged that he used a crime intelligence fund to pay salaries and buy houses and cars for girlfriends and their relatives as well as his own relatives, who had been registered as covert intelligence operatives. He is released on a warning.
9 & ndash; 10 October, South Africa conducts its third census In October 2012, Statistics South Africa releases the results of its 2011Census, the third official census since the advent of democracy. It reveals that between the first and the most recent post-apartheid census the population grew by just over 11 million to 51.7 million and 79.6% of the population is black.
7 October, in a case which raises concerns about “corrective rape” targeting, four men are convicted of murdering Zoliswa Nkonyana (19) who was lesbian in Cape Town. In 2006 the men stoned, kicked and stabbed to death just meters (yards) from her home.
24 October, President Jacob Zuma announces the suspension of the National Police Commissioner General Bheki Cele pending the outcome of an investigation into "unlawful" police lease agreements.
26 October, Palestine’s bid to become a full member of the UN has receives the full backing of South Africa. South Africa reaffirms its conviction that Palestine is a state that Palestine is a peace-loving state, and that Palestine is willing and able to carry out its obligations under the Charter of the United Nations.
10 November - African National Congress suspends its youth leader Julius Malema for five years after a disciplinary committee found him guilty of bringing the party into disrepute and sowing divisions.
22 November, the South African National Assembly approves the Protection of State Information Bill despite widespread opposition and question marks around its constitutionality. The outcome of the vote was 229 in favour and 107 against in the 400-member House. There were two abstentions.
22 November, Mayor Kgosientso Ramokgopa announces South Africa's capital Pretoria will be renamed Tshwane by the end of 2012, with main roads also given names of anti-apartheid leaders.
28 November - 9 December, the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is successfully held in Durban. The conference agrees to establish a legally binding deal comprising all countries by 2015, which was to take effect in 2020.
1December, President Jacob Zuma unveils a plan to halve the number of HIV infections over the next five years. The new plan calls for stepped-up prevention efforts to halve new infections of HIV and tuberculosis by 2016 and to put 80 percent of eligible patients on anti-retroviral drugs to fight AIDS.
7 December, an investigation commissioned by the South African government into the UN oil-for-food programme in Iraq clears Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe of corruption, a report released Wednesday said. The probe was ordered by then president Thabo Mbeki in 2006, into what has become known in the country as "Oilgate", to look at allegations of kickbacks sourced by senior members of the ruling party from the State Oil Marketing Organisation of Iraq (SOMO).
14 December, the Specialised Commercial Crime Court provisionally withdraw fraud and corruption charges against Richard Mdluli with no reason given. It later emerges that advocate Lawrence Mrwebi, national head of the specialised commercial crimes unit, instructed prosecutors Sibongile Mzinyathi and Glynnis Breytenbach to withdraw the charges, arguing that the Âpolice and NPA had no authority to investigate intelligence matters and that the case should be handled by inspector-general of intelligence Faith Radebe.
20 December, African National Congress branch in Limpopo elects Julius Malema to a senior African National Congress post. An ANC disciplinary panel in November found Malema guilty of bringing the party into disrepute, and expelled him for five years. Malema has appealed the suspension and is allowed to stay in the party pending a decision.
7 February, convictions handed down by the National Disciplinary Committee to African National Congress Youth League leaders are upheld by an appeals committee and Julius Malema was given an option to argue for a lighter sentence. As a result Malema was stripped of his title and party membership.
11 February, South African Reserve Bank launches a new line of bank notes bearing the image of its first democratically elected president, Nelson Mandela (93), on the 22nd anniversary of his release from prison.
20 March, South Africa’s Supreme Court rules in favour of the Democratic Alliance that the National Prosecuting Authority must allow a review of a 2009 decision by its head Mokotedi Mpshe who dropped charges of corruption, racketeering, tax-evasion and money laundering against President Jacob Zuma.
4 April, the National Disciplinary Committee to African National Congress on suspended its youth leader Julius Malema with immediate effect, banning him from all party activities. The temporary and immediate suspension of Malema comes into effect on 4 April 2012.
22 May, Chris Mahlangu, one of the two accused black farmworkers in the April 3, 2010, murder Eugene Terre’blanche, the leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) is convicted. Co-accused Patrick Ndlovu, who was a minor at the time of the crime, is found guilty only of house-breaking, and not guilty on charges of murder and robbery.
25 May, the Members of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Organisation announced that the SKA telescope would be split between Africa and Australia, with a majority share of the telescope destined to be built in South Africa. All of the Phase 2 dishes destined will be built in Africa.
June 12, General Bheki Cele was sacked by President Jacob Zuma for alleged offences of fraud and corruption in handling of leases for police headquarters that were signed at far above market rates. General Cele was found guilty for maladministration and found unfit for the office of National Police Commissioner by Justice Jake Moloi’s independent investigation Inquiry in May 2011.
15 July, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is elected by the African Union Commission as its chairperson, making her the first woman and South African to lead the organisation. She took office on 15 October 2012.
28 July - Members of the white extremist group found guilty of high treason and plotting to kill Nelson Mandela and trying to overthrow government. The "Boeremag" organisation had planned a right-wing coup in 2002 to overthrow the post-apartheid government by creating chaos in the country.
August-October - Police open fire on workers at a platinum mine in Marikana, killing at least 34 people, and leaving at least 78 injured and arresting more than 200 others. Prosecutors drop murder charges in September against 270 miners after a public outcry, and the government sets up a judicial commission of inquiry in October.
26 September - Former ANC youth leader Julius Malema is charged with money laundering over a government tender awarded to a company partly owned by his family trust. Malema says the case is a politically motivated attempt to silence his campaign against President Jacob Zuma, in particular over the Marikana shootings.
5 October - Anglo American Platinum (Amplats) fires 12,000 striking South African miners after a protracted strike over wages.
15 October, South Africa’s Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma takes charge of the African Union, the first woman to assume its top leadership.
6 November, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) issued a new series of banknotes in South Africa. The new R10, R20, R50, R100, and R200 banknotes feature a portrait of former president Nelson Mandela on front, while the back of the notes have maintained the “Big Five” animal images that appear on current banknotes. The current and the new banknotes are the same size.
9 November, Bulldozers accompanied by South Africa Police Services destroy homes in Lenasia Township in Johannesburg that authorities say were constructed on illegally sold land, despite efforts by protesters to stop the demolition.
16 December, four white men are arrested and face treason and terrorism charges over an alleged plot that include plans to attack the African National Congress political party conference in Mangaung, North West and kill President Jacob Zuma and others.
18 December, Prosecutors identified the four men arrested for treason and terrorism as Mark Trollip, Johan Prinsloo, Martin Keevy and Hein Boonzaaier during a court hearing in Bloemfontein.
6 January, South Africa government authorises the deployment of up to 400 South African soldiers to the Central African Republic (CAR) as part of a military co-operation agreement between the two countries to help the country's army as it faces a threat from a coalition of rebel groups. Neighbouring countries Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of Congo sent about 120 troops each to help stabilise the country confronted by the rebellion.
19 January - 10 February, South Africa hosts the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for the second time after the original host Libya was stripped of its hosting rights due to the Libyan civil war. It was the 29th Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF)
5 February, South African police arrest 19 suspected Congolese rebels, including two senior members of the M23 group, on suspicion of running an illegal military operation. The group was arrested in Limpopo after an investigation by a crime intelligence unit.
8 February, Police in South Africa arrested the Etienne Kabila as "ringleader" of a group of 19 Congolese rebels who face charges of allegedly plotting a war to unseat Congolese President Joseph Kabila.
Feb 14, double-amputee Olympian runner Oscar Pistorius shot and killed his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp. Pistorius is later arrested on a charge of murder. He made history at the London 2012 Olympics when he became the first amputee sprinter to compete in the able-bodied Games, running in the 400m and 4x400m relay.
Feb 18, Former Vice-Chancellor of University of Cape Town Dr Mamphela Ramphele, an academic and co-founder of the nation’s Black Conscious Movement, announces the creation of Agang, a new political party "to build the South Africa of our dreams."
6 March, Dirk Coetzee (57), a former commander of the Vlakplaas covert police unit during apartheid-era in South Africa, dies at home in Pretoria. Coetzee had fled South Africa in 1989. He pledged allegiance to the ANC in exile and told the Harms Commission in Britain how he had watched his colleagues murder the student activist Sizwe Kondile and the human rights lawyer Griffiths Mxenge. He returned in 1993 and was a witness at the trial of former police Colonel Eugene de Kock. In testimony to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Coetzee confessed to plotting the 1981 murder of attorney Griffiths Mxenge.
25 March, The presidency announces that 13 South African soldiers were killed and 27 wounded in fighting in the Central African Republic.
27 March, Leaders of the five BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), meeting in Durban, kwaZulu-Natal, agree to create a development bank to help fund their $4.5 trillion infrastructure programs.
2 April, South Africa withdraws most of its 200 troops in the Central African Republic where 13 soldiers are killed when rebels attacked their base.
25 April - The National Assembly voted to pass the Protection of State Information Bill by an overwhelming majority of 190 votes to 75.
30 April, A chartered plane carrying about 200 guests from India to attend Gupta’s family wedding was allowed to land at the Waterkloof Air Force Base, bypassing customs procedures. It was later flown to a civilian O. R Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg. Five South African officials, including police and military commanders, were soon suspended over the incident.
19 August, Pretoria High court formally indicted Olympian sprinter Oscar Pistorius on charges of premeditated murder and illegal possession of ammunition in the Valentine’s Day death of his girlfriend, model Reeva Steenkamp. His will begin on March 3, 2014.
13 October, Julius Malema, former head of the ANC’s Youth League, launches his Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) party in Marikana. Malema formed the EFF following his expulsion from the governing African National Congress (ANC) in 2012 after a bitter fall-out with President Jacob Zuma.
29 October, Mike du Toit, along with four others, was sentenced to 35 years in jail the for his role as a mastermind behind the 2002 right-wing extremist plot to kill former President Nelson Mandela and drive blacks out of the country. The rest of the 20 militia members on trial received 10 and 30 years sentences depending on their degree of involvement in the plot. The judge suspended 10 years of the sentences for some and took into account the time behind bars during the trial.
2013 South Africa observes the centenary of the Natives Land Act of 1913. The Act became law on 19 June 1913, restricting black people from buying or occupying land in South Africa except as employees.
5 December, South Africa’s first democratic elected President Nelson Mandela passes away. He was buried in Qunu in the Eastern Cape on the 15th December 2013.
16 December, A statue of Nelson Mandela is unveiled outside the Union Buildings in Pretoria, a day after his funeral. It was later discovered that sculptors Andre Prinsloo and Ruhan Janse van Vuuren had added a small rabbit inside one ear as a discreet signature on their work. Officials soon ordered the rabbit removed.
11 January - 1 February, The 2014 African Nations Championship was the third African Nations Championship football tournament hosted in South Africa.
27 January, President Jacob Zuma signs a “DNA Act” to match more sexual offenders, including many who break the law more than once, with their crimes, exonerate the wrongly accused and crack cold cases.
28 January, South Africa's main opposition Democratic Alliance party headed by Helen Zille announces its intention to merge with the smaller Agang group to jointly challenge the ruling ANC party. Dr Mamphela Ramphele is supposed to stand as the presidential candidate of the new coalition. But this plan was abandoned shortly after a few days.
11February, South Africa issues a black-and-white commemorative stamp to celebrate the life and legacy of anti-apartheid hero Nelson Mandela who died last year.
19 March, the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela finds that some of the R246 million taxpayer-funded refurbishments at President Jacob Zuma's Nkandla residence are unlawful and orderes him to repay part of the cost.
7 May, South Africans votes in the fifth democratic and first "Born Free" election. The African National Congress (ANC) is officially declared the winner of South Africa's 2014 general election on 12 May, after securing 62.15% of the national vote. The Democratic Alliance increases its support nationally to 22.23% followed by newcomers the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) which emerged as the third most popular party after the ANC and DA, with 6.35% of the vote.
24 May, President Jacob Zuma is sworn in at the start of his second term at the Union Buildings.
21 June, Albie Sachs (79), the South African judge who survived a bomb attack and rose to fame for his role in the anti-apartheid struggle, is awarded the Tang Prize, touted as Asia's version of the Nobel Prize, for his contributions to human rights and justice.
13 July, Nadine Gordimer (90), a Nobel literature laureate (1991) and anti-apartheid activist, dies at home in Johannesburg. Her work includes 15 novels and volumes of short stories that explored the complex of relationships and racial conflict in apartheid-era South Africa.
28 August, South Africa's Supreme Court of Appeals orders the National Prosecuting Authority to release taped phone conversations about corruption charges against President Jacob Zuma.
5 September, A representative of the Dalai Lama said South Africa has denied a visa to the Nobel peace Prize laureate. The Tibetan spiritual leader had hoped to attend a Nobel peace conference in Cape Town during October. This was South Africa’s 3rd denial in five years. The Government denied any wrong-doing.
2 October, Cape Town mayor Patricia de Lille announces that a planned summit of Nobel peace laureates had been "suspended", citing the government's "intransigence" in not providing a visa to the Dalai Lama.
21 October, In South Africa Olympic and Paralympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius is sentenced to five years in prison for killing his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp on Feb 13, 2013.
24 October, Mbulaheni Mulaudzi a South African middle distance runner, and the 2009 world champion in the men's 800 metres died in a car crash at the age of 34. He was en-route to an Athletics South Africa athletics meeting when his car overturned. Mulaudzi has been laid to rest on the 1st November at his home village of Muduluni in Limpopo's Mhado-Louis Trichardt area.
24 October, Phindile Mwelase, 31, a Light middleweight female professional boxer died following a knockout punch Liz Butler, that put her in a coma on October 10.Mwelase was laid to rest on the 1st of November at her home town, Ladysmith in Emashiswelwaneni, KwaZulu-Natal.
26 October, In South Africa Senzo Meyiwa (27), goalkeeper and captain national soccer team Bafana Bafana, was killed in an apparent robbery when gunmen entered a house he was visiting in Vosloorus township near Johannesburg. He was buried on the 1st November at the Heroes Acre cemetery in Chesterville, KwaZulu-Natal Province.
5 December, marks the first anniversary of the death of former president Nelson Mandela at the age of 95 at his Houghton home in Johannesburg.
Last updated : 20-Apr-2017.
This article was produced for South African History Online on 17-Apr-2014.
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